92 SOME INSECTS INJTJBJOUS TO TKTJCK CROPS. 
6. Piper, C. V.— Bui. 17, Wash. State Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 55, 56, 1895. 
Short general account, with list of food plants. Species stated to be " by far the 
most destructive flea-beetle in the State" [of Washington]. 
7. Chittenden, F. H.— Bui. 9, n. s., Div. Ent., IT. S. Dept. Agr., p. 22, 1897. 
Short note on abundant occurrence on rhubarb near Washington, D. C. 
8. Doane, R. W.— Bui. 42, Wash. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 11, 12, figs. 2, 3, 1900. 
A 2-page general account with two original illustrations. 
9. Forbes and Hart.— Bui. 60, Univ. 111. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 472, 1900; 21st 
Kept. State Ent. Ills., p. 124. 
A brief account ; on sugar beet in Illinois. 
10. Fletcher, Jas. — Kept. Entom. and Bot. Canada for 1903 (1904), p. 177. 
Mere mention as affecting hops at Sardis, B. C, in noticeable numbers. 
11. Fletcher, Jas.— Kept. Entom. and Bot. Canada for 1906 (1907), p. 215. 
Account of injuries in the Fraser River Valley, B. C, in 1906, with quotations 
from John Wilson, Agassiz ; Thos. Cunningham, Vancouver ; and H. Hulbert, Sardis, 
B. C, which include experiences with remedies. 
12. Quayle, H. J.— Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol. I, p. 325, October, 190S. 
A short article, with notes of injury in British Columbia ; account of habits, all 
stages, including the egg, being taken 3 to 6 inches from the surface of the ground, 
larvse feeding at the roots of hop And other plants growing in the yards ; list of 
food plants, and difficulties of applying remedies. 
SUMMARY. 
The hop flea-beetle, a minute, black insect, feeds on various succu- 
lent plants. It does serious damage to hops in British Columbia and 
less injury to sugar beet and vegetable crops in the Pacific coast 
region. 
Its life history is only partially known, but all stages have been 
found about the roots of hops and the larva probably feeds on most 
of the same plants as the adult. It is feared that this species may 
become an important hop-pest in Washington and Oregon, and it 
doubtless does more injury to beets than is generally accredited to it. 
Injury is most severe to young plants, but on sugar beet the operations 
of the beetles throughout the season undoubtedly have a deleterious 
effect and necessarily decrease the yield. 
The abundance of the beetles when they appear early in the season 
on young plants, their constant reappearance, and the constant new 
growth of the plants from day to day make it difficult to apply 
direct remedies with more than temporary benefit. Where the hops 
are sprayed with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap for the hop 
aphis the numbers of the beetles are lessened. Among measures 
which give promise of value are the institution of clean methods of 
cultivation, including deep fall plowing, treating hop poles in such 
manner as to prevent the beetles from hibernating in them, and clear- 
ing all remnants from fields so as to leave them as bare as possible to 
prevent the beetles from sheltering there in winter. Arsenate of lead, 
Paris green, kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap, and Bordeaux mixture 
should receive further tests, as should the employment of trap crops 
in the manner advised in this article. 
