46 
THE SAN JOSE OR CHINESE SCALE. 
sometimes slightly curved, shape, characteristic of the sex. the exuvia 
or cast larval skin showing near the anterior end. 
The male pro-pupa^ are very pale } T ellow, with the legs and antennae 
(which have reappeared), together with the two or three terminal seg- 
ments, colorless. The eyes are dark purple and placed close together. 
The antennae are stout and bent closety along the edge of the body as 
far as the first pair of legs, where they curve slightly inward. Promi- 
nent wing pads extend along the sides of the body. The terminal 
segment bears two short spines. 
The female undegroes a second molt about twenty days from the 
larva. At each molt the old skin splits around the edge of the body, 
the upper half adhering to the covering scale and the lower forming a 
sort of ventral scale next to the bark. This form of molting is com- 
mon to scales of this kind. 
Fig. 4. — Development of male San Jose scale (Aspidiotuspernidosus): <>. ventral view of larva after 
first molt: b, same after second molt (pro-pupa stage); c and d, true pupa, ventral and dor-al views. 
All greatly enlarged (from Howard and Marlatt). 
The covering scales at this stage are of a more purplish gray, the 
portion covering the exuviae inclining to vellowish. The male scales 
are more yellowish than the female. The effect of the sucking of the 
insects is now quite apparent on the young growth, causing tin 1 bark 
to assume a purplish hue for some distance around the central portion, 
contrasting strongly with the natural reddish green of the uninjured 
bark. With the second molt the females do not change materially 
from their former appearance, retaining the pale yellow color with a 
number of transparent spots around the edge of the body. The suck- 
ing bristles are extremely long, two or three times the length of the 
bod} r of the insect. The only distinctive features are in the last seg- 
ment and are noted in tin 1 technical description. 
About twenty days after birth the male insect transforms to the 
true pupa. With the first molt the shed larval skin is retained beneath 
the scale as iu the case of the female; with the later moltings the shed 
skins are pushed out from beneath the scale. The scale after tin 1 
