LIFE HISTORY. 
47 
second molt presents on the inside two longitudinal ridges running 
from one end to the other, touching the sides of the pupa, and which 
apparently enable the insect to move backward or forward and assist 
the imago in pushing itself out. 
The true pupa (fig. 4, c, d) is pale yellow, sometimes purplish, darkest 
about the base of the abdomen. The head, antenna?, legs, wing pads, 
and style are well formed, but almost colorless. The antennae reach 
as far back as the second pair of legs and are not curved under, as 
formerly, but lie close to the sides of the body with the ends free. 
The first pair of legs is held forward, reaching -slightly beyond the 
eyes, the middle femora projecting somewhat beyond the margin of 
the abdomen. The hind legs are inclined backward and reach to the 
end of the body. The style is rounded at tip. conical, and about as 
long as the posterior tibia?. 
Fig. 5. — Aspidiotus perniciosus: adult male, greatly enlarged i from. Howard and Marlatt). 
From four to six days later, or from twenty-four to twenty-six days 
from birth, the males mature and back out from the rear end of their 
scales, having previously, for a day or two, remained practically 
developed but resting under the scale. They seem to issue chiefiV by 
nio'ht or in the evening. 
The mature male (fig. 5) appears as a delicate two-wino-ed fly-like 
insect with long feelers and a single anal style projecting from the end 
of the body; orange in color, with a faintly dusky shade on the pro- 
thorax. The head is darker than the rest of the body, the eyes are 
dark purple, and the antenna?, legs, and style are snioky. The wings 
are iridescent with yellow and green, very faintly clouded. 
Thirty days from birth the females are full grown and the embryonic 
young may be seen within their bodies, each inclosed in a delicate 
8449— Xo. 62—06 4 
