PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INFESTATION IN THE EAST. 17 
there had been repeated importations, the first indication of injury 
having been noted six years before. 
On receipt of the Florida specimens Doctor Howard concluded that 
as the scales had been found in three such widely separated locali- 
ties, and as the information gained from the owners of two of the 
affected orchards led to the supposition that the original stock had 
been obtained from a large eastern nursery, the probabilities were 
strong that the scale had established itself in many eastern points 
during the preceding five or six years. He therefore immediately pre- 
pared a circular of warning and had nearly 12,000 copies mailed early 
in April to all eastern agricultural newspapers and to very many eastern 
fruit growers. As a result of the issuing of this circular many new 
localities for the scale were ascertained, a widespread interest in the 
subject was aroused, and careful investigations were made in all the 
States to which there was any likelihood that the insect had been 
carried by nursery stock or other means. 
By the end of August, 1894, the scale was known to occur in the 
following localities in the East: In a rather widely extended district 
in Florida, one locality in Virginia, three in Maryland, one in Indiana, 
two in Pennsylvania, many in New Jersey, and one in New York, on 
the east bank of the Hudson River a little below Albany. Very shortly 
afterwards, during the same summer, it was found on Long Island, 
occurring both in orchards and nurseries. Later in the fall the scale 
was found at three new localities in Maryland, and still later specimens 
were received from the extreme southern part of Georgia. In Decem- 
ber Professor Webster reported receiving the scale from a large 
orchard district in southern Ohio, and a little later specimens were 
received from Jefferson County, Ind. The scale was found also near 
New Castle, Del., in January, 1895, and additional localities were dis- 
covered during the following spring and summer of 1895 in some of 
the States mentioned, as also in Alabama, Louisiana, and Massachu- 
setts. In nearly every instance the source of infestation in the East 
was the same, namely, one or the other of two important New Jersey 
nurseries. 
PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INFESTATION IN THE EAST. 
As stated, nearly all the eastern occurrences of the San Jose scale 
were traced to two large New Jersey nurseries, from which infested 
stock had unwittingi}" been sent out broadcast for certainly six or seven 
years. The damage thus done to the fruit interests of the East by 
these nurserymen can hardly be estimated, and yet it must be admitted 
that they were, in a measure, blameless, since they were undoubtedly 
entirely unaware of the dangerous character of the scale insect which 
infested their stock. We can hardly avoid the conclusion, however, 
