16 THE SAX JOSE OR CHINESE SCALE. 
HISTORY IN THE EAST. 
The general records of the discovery of the insect in the East are 
reproduced, with slight changes, from Bulletin 3. 
The occurrence of the San Jose scale in the East was first discovered 
early in August, 1893, in the grounds of Dr. C. H. Hedges, of Char- 
lottesville. Va. An infested pear had been sent by Doctor Hedges to 
Mr. Galloway, chief of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and 
Pathology of the Department of Agriculture, on the supposition that 
it was affected by a fungous disease. The fruit was submitted to the 
then acting entomologist. Doctor Howard, who immediately recognized 
the injury as due to the San Jose scale, and the startling and deplor- 
able fact was established of the introduction into eastern orchards of 
this worst scourge of deciduous trees of the Pacific Slope, as well as 
the fact that it was evidently able to maintain itself in a supposedly 
less favorable climate. The importance of this discovery was at once 
realized, and two agents of the Bureau. Messrs. Schwarz and Coquil- 
lett. were detailed to make a thoro investigation. In conjunction with 
the State board of agriculture of Virginia and under the supervision 
of Mr. Coquillett a thoro fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas was 
given to the infested trees and plants. 
The introduction of the scale was subsequently traced to currant 
bushes purchased from a New Jersey firm. 
In March. lS9i. the presence of the scale was determined by Doctor 
Howard, at Riverside. Charles County. Md., in a rather large orchard 
situated on the river front, and including over two thousand peach 
and several hundred apple trees. This orchard was visited by the 
writer, who found that many of the trees were infested with the San 
Jose scale, large numbers having already perished. The infested stock 
was again in this iustance traced to a New Jersey nursery. This 
orchard, on account of its proximity to Washington and the facilities 
thus .afforded for experiment, was used by the Bureau in the testing 
of various washes for this scale. 
Daring the same month (March. 1894) specimens of the San Jose 
scale were received from De Funiak Springs. Fla.. thru the ento- 
mologist of the Florida Experiment Station. Mr. P. PI. Rolfs. The 
late Mr. H. G. Hubbard, one of the assistants of the division, visited 
the infested locality and found the scales confined chiefly to peach 
and plum, occurring, however, in small numbers on Kieffer pear. 
pecan, and persimmon. Many thousands of trees were found to be 
infested, including nearly every orchard within a radius of 5 <>r 6 
miles. The source of the infestation in this case was not definitely 
ascertained, but it was evident after examination that some infested 
nursery had sent a shipment of trees, and the indication- were that 
