14 THE SAN JOSE OR CHINESE SCALE. 
stock was obtained from California, and doubtless from nurseries 
which were infested with the scale. 
The journey of exploration was continued northward to Tientsin and 
Pekin. In this region the San Jose scale was found on native plants 
also, including the flowering peach, a tree grown for ornament solely, 
and not for fruit, and notably on the native fruits in the markets in 
these cities. 
The markets of Pekin were of especial interest in this connection. 
Pekin is the center and market for all the region tying to the north 
and west, and the 'streets (PI. IV, fig. 2) devoted to the sale of fruits 
and other products in the Chinese city- are one of the great show 
places. The fruit and nut products are brought into Pekin in little 
two- wheeled carts (PI. IV, fig. 1), or more generally on camelback, 
great caravans of heavily loaded camels and streams of carts constantty 
entering the city with the products of the outlying provinces. One 
finds, therefore, in the markets of the Chinese city the fruit products 
of all northern China, and can study them at ease. All the district 
tying between Pekin and the great wall, north and west and east, has 
been most carefulty explored and mapped by the foreign military 
authorities. From various individuals employed in this minute sur- 
vey a great deal was learned relative to the fruit growing in the dis- 
trict indicated. Much of the fruit found in the markets of Pekin 
comes from the hill region leading up to the mountains separating 
China from Mongolia and Manchuria. These fruits are native apples, 
pears, and peaches, and the little haw apple already mentioned. Great 
quantities of these fruits were examined in the market, with the excep- 
tion of the peach, which was then out of season, and later similar 
examinations were made at Tientsin. A very scant}- but general infes- 
tation with San Jose scale was found on the different fruits examined. 
Perhaps one apple in a hundred would have a few of these scales about 
the blossom end and the same proportion was true of the haw apple 
and the native pear. Thruout the region where these fruits are grown 
there has been no introduction of foreign stock. The occurrence of the 
San Jose scale on these two fruits was conclusive evidence that in the 
region whence they came the San Jose scale is native. The scattering 
occurrence of the scale also indicated, as would be anticipated, that 
this pest in its native home is kept in check by natural means. 
The investigations made at Shanghai, and later southward to Hong- 
kong, the Mala} 7 Peninsula, and Java, indicated that the San Jose 
scale in eastern Asia can not survive below Shanghai. 
The special distil t where it is native and thrives is a fairly well 
shut-off r M>:on, w'.i'ch probably accounts for the failure of this insect 
to beco r.e a world pest ages ago. This district is the region leading 
up to the mountains and comprising the northern and northeastern 
