62 THE SAX JOSE OR CHINESE SCALE. 
overlooked in earlier publications from this Bureau, and the species 
has not since been reared from any scale in any part of the country. 
The Koebele 1885 specimens are unique so far as known. 
PREDACEOUS INSECT ENEMIES. 
NATIVE AND INTRODUCED ENEMIES OF OTHER SCALE-INSECTS. 
Practically all of the scale-feeding Coceinellichv. or ladybirds, may 
feed on the larva? or older specimens of the San Jose scale. A dozen 
or more different species of ladybirds have been recorded in this coun- 
try as attacking this scale insect. Our most important native scale- 
feeding ladybird ( Chilocomis Mvulnerus Muls.), commonly known as 
the tvrice-stabbed ladybird, and represented by one species or by a 
number of closely allied forms in different sections of the country, 
has not proven very efficient against the San Jose scale, at least in the 
East, altho commonly found in infested orchards. Its presence in 
eastern orchards, however, may often be accounted for by its being- 
attracted by other native scale insects present in the same orchards. 
It is a slow breeder, having in the Xorth at least but one brood 
annually, and seems to give very little promise of being of any great 
value as a means of controlling the San Jose scale in these sections of 
the United States. In California and elsewhere on the Pacific coast, 
but particularly in the Pacific coast region, the twice-stabbed ladybird 
is a much more active and important means in keeping the San Jose 
scale in check. It has been reported as multiplying enormously in 
infested orchards in California and almost effecting the extermination 
of this scale. Such a report was sent to us by Mr. X. W. Motheral 
relative to orchards in Tulare County. Cal." 
A large number of Coecinellida? imported by Mr. Koebele into Cali- 
fornia and colonized there have been reported as attacking the San 
Jose scale. The following species have been observed to have devel- 
oped this habit: Rhizobius aJjilts Black. O /■<■>!* australaside Boisd., 
Rhizobiiis lophartthae Blaisdell, Orcus cholybeus Boisd.. and Micro- 
wt isea b ( Pentilid) misella Lee. The last named of these only is of any 
importance as a means of controlling the San Jose scale.' Another 
a >iv [nsect Life, Vol. V, p. 53. 
&See Coekerell. Can. Entom., Vol. XXXV. X,.. 2, p. 38, February. 1903. 
c The efficiency against scale insect pests of citrus trees of certain of Mr. Koebele's 
importations of foreign ladybirds into California led the State Horticultural Society' 
of New Jersey t<> secure in 1896 from the State legislature an appropriation oi $1,000 
for the purpose of importing into the State of New Jersey the natural enemies and 
parasites from other states and countries. Acting under this appropriation, Dr. 
John B. Smith, entomologist of the experiment station of New Jersey, visited Cali- 
fornia and sent a large quantity of several species of Australian ladybirds to various 
places in New Jersey, and s • to Washington, 1>. C. Subsequent records of these 
importations indicated that they were all unsuccessful, and not a sign of the imported 
insects could be found in 1897. (Sec Report of Entomologist, New Jersey, 1897.) 
