SEASONAL HISTORY. 
47 
from eggs laid in the cages, and these larva-, together with larva* 
of the previous year, were carried through the winter in rearing 
cages. 
The pupal records have been obtained fro jn experiments in medium- 
sized wooden boxes, having glass bottom, 0 inches long, 8 inches wide, 
and 5 inches high (fig. 19). Each box contained 2 to 3 inches of 
earth, and in order to duplicate outside weather conditions as nearly 
as possible the soil in these boxes was permitted to become almost 
dry during dry periods and during rainy periods water was propor- 
tionately added. To exclude the light from below, the boxes were 
placed upon burlap. Previous to the emergence of the beetles a 
wire screen cover was 
placed over each box. 
The shallow layer of soil 
caused many larva? to 
penetrate to the bottom 
of the cages, where they 
appeared next to the 
glass; and as the pupal 
cells, made of earth 
packed together, were 
next to the glass the 
activity of the insect 
inside could be readily 
observed. By means of 
a glass and porcelain 
blue pencil a number 
was fixed next to each 
cell, and by using this 
number a detailed rec- 
ord could be kept from 
the time the cell was FlG< 21. — Rearing cage with glass sides ased in the study of 
i-i the larva of the grape root- worm beetle. (Original.) 
made to the time the 
adult emerged. In the study of the underground habits of the insect 
the device shown in figure 20 proved to be useful. The glass cylin- 
der in the earthen pot was about half filled with soil, and to exclude 
the light the lower portion of the cylinder was wrapped with black 
paper. Several cells were made next to the glass, and on emerging 
the beetles were observed in the process of making their exit through 
the soil. 
Cages similar to the one shown in figure 21 were convenient for the 
study of the habits of the larva, and they were particularly useful 
in experiments extending over periods of one and two years. In width 
