REMEDIAL MEASURES. 
59 
outright in a single season, while the rest were so weakened that they 
had to be cut back so severely that in the following season they were 
unable to produce more than from 15 to 25 per cent of a normal 
crop. Persons not thoroughly familiar with the habits of the pest 
have frequently charged this death and weakened condition to a 
variety of causes, such as winter killing, deep plowing, overbearing 
of young vines, etc. In practically every case of this kind coming 
under our observation we have found overwhelming evidence of 
injury wrought upon the roots by the larva? of this pest. There is 
no doubt that the overbearing of young vines which possess a limited 
root system and then become subject to a heavy infestation of grape 
root-worm larvae will serve to greatly weaken the vine, and that 
severe winter weather following this heavy infestation of larvse, and 
consequent weakening of the vine, will accelerate the death of the 
vine during the winter. Yet these are but secondary evils to* which 
the vines, primarily weakened by injury from the insect during the 
growing season, finally succumb. This is also true of drought condi- 
tions occurring in August and September. During the drought 
which occurred in these months in 1906 numerous cases came under 
our notice where young vines bearing a heavy crop of fruit and having 
made a heavy growth of vine early in the season were so badly 
injured by larvae hatching from eggs deposited in July that they 
were unable to mature the fruit, which actually shriveled on the vine 
by the last week in August. Other injured vines which carried 
through their crop died during the following winter. It is the rapid 
decline in yield of large numbers of vines in young vineyards through- 
out the whole grape belt and the steady though less perceptible 
shrinkage in yield of the other vineyards that make it impossible 
for the increased planting of recent years to more than hold its own 
with the crop production of the period previous to the general infes- 
tation of vineyards by this pest, and it will require the greatest care 
and watchfulness on the part of those planting new vineyards to 
carry their young bearing vines through that critical period when 
they are producing their first two or three crops and at the same 
time establishing a root system sufficient to continue the production 
of successive profitable crops. 
REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF THE GRAPE ROOT- 
WORM. 
EVOLUTION OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 
Although the occurrence of this insect in numbers sutlicient to 
cause great damage to the foliage of grapevines was brought to the 
attention of Walsh in 1866, no remedial measures were suggested by 
him. The first record of an attempt to control the pest was made 
