RKM KDIAL M KASl'KKS. 
61 
strated in Doctor Felt's reports of his experiments published by the 
New York State Museum. (See Bibliography, p. 93.) 
Experiments with arsenical sprays against the pest during the 
early part of the New York investigations, although giving more 
encouraging results than those obtained in Ohio, were not so con- 
clusive as could have been desired. By persistent experiment with 
improved spraying apparatus and increased strength of arsenicals, 
and thorough and heavy applications where desirable, Professor 
Slingerland was able toward the end of his investigations to secure 
results with poison sprays which showed that in the hands of the 
thorough vineyardist very effective results could be obtained. 
Unfortunately these field experiments with arsenicals were not 
conducted for a number of consecutive seasons on the same blocks of 
vineyards. This makes it impossible to determine the cumulative 
Fig. 28.— Horse hoe used in removing the soil from beneath the trellis in vineyards. (Original.) 
benefits of the treatments in preventing infestation on the sprayed 
portion as compared with the injury wrought by the insect on the 
untreated portion of the vineyard. 
CULTURAL METHODS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF PUPiE. 
Prior to the appearance of the grape root-worm in destructive 
numbers in the Lake Erie grape belt about the first cultural operation 
of the season performed by vineyardists was to remove the soil 
from beneath the trellis with a horse hoe (fig. 28) to a depth of 3 or 4 
inches. This operation removed all of this layer of soil beneath the 
trellis with the exception of a few inches directly around the base 
of the vine which was removed later with a hand hoe. Almost 
immediately following these operations a furrow was thrown back 
under the trellis with a 1 -horse plow, and the remaining space between 
the rows of grapes was stirred with a gang-plow and followed by sev- 
eral cultivations during the season. With the discovery that the 
grape root-worm larva has the habit of coming near the surface of 
