20 
THE GRAPE ROOT-WORM. 
The mandibles and the margin of the clypeus and areas around the 
antennae are almost black. The anterior margin of the upper lip is 
armed with short and stout spines (tig. 8, 6), and as the inner surface 
is reenforced by chitinous ridges extending inward, its function is 
probably that of a scraper. The setae on the head and on the cervical 
shield are rather prominent ; those on the sides and back of the body 
are less conspicuous. The 
ventral parts of the abdomi- 
nal segments are armed with 
strong spines, which are 
particularly large on the 
fourth to the eighth seg- 
ments. These project ob- 
liquely backward and are 
properly termed ambula- 
tory setae. The legs are 
slender and proportionately 
very small. Normally the 
larva assumes a curved posi- 
tion (fig. 8, a). The anterior 
portion of the body can be 
straightened out at will, but 
the hinder parts remain 
curved, which is character- 
istic of the larvae of most 
underground beetles. The 
newly hatched larva is little 
Fig. 10.— The grape root-worm: Adult or beetle. Much over 1 mm. in length and 
enlarged. (Original.) Qf f ^ . ^ ^ 
are relatively large, and the setae of the entire body are long and 
prominent. 
THE PUPA. 
(PI. I, figs. 7-9; text fig. 9.) 
The length of the pupa is from 8 to 10 mm. When newly trans- 
formed it is whitish, with a slightly pinkish tinge, which in a few days 
after pupation disappears and the pupa becomes white. The upper 
part of the head and anterior margin of the thorax are armed with 
large spines; each anterior and posterior femur is armed with one 
curved hooklike spine and two straight, more slender spines. The 
middle femora have only hairlike bristles. The posterior end of the 
abdomen carries two stout, flattened hooks, curved upward, and 
several pairs of spines and bristles (fig. 9, c and d). The pupa in the 
