RECOMMENDATIONS. 
91 
When pupae are discovered, the soil beneath the trellis should be 
removed by the horse hoe and the soil directly around the base of 
the vine carefully and thoroughly stirred with a hand hoe. The 
efficiency of this method of destroying the pupae may be increased 
by throwing up a ridge of earth beneath the trellis during the last 
cultivation of the preceding summer. This will tend to encourage 
the insects to form their pupal cells above the roots of the vine and 
thus admit of their destruction by cultivation without serious injury 
to the roots of the vine by the horse hoe. 
It is in these two stages — namely, the pupa and the beetle — that 
the insect appears to be most readily overcome; in fact, no effective 
measures have yet been developed for the destruction of the larvae 
or of the eggs. Experiments conducted against the larvae in the 
soil with oils, carbon bisulphid, fertilizers, salt, etc., have proved 
ineffective, and in some cases injurious to the grapevine; and since 
the eggs are deposited beneath the bark of the canes when the vines 
are in full foliage, it is practically impossible to reach them with a 
spray application. 
GENERAL TREATMENT OF INFESTED VINEYARDS. 
In addition to these recommendations dealing with direct means 
of controlling the insect in producing vineyards, a few suggestions 
are offered concerning the care and treatment of newly planted 
vines, and also of old, run-down vineyards in relation to this insect 
problem. 
Serious injury is most likely to occur to young vines planted in 
soil on which infested vines were growing during the preceding 
season, for this soil is likely to be heavily infested with grape root- 
worm larvae which will transform to beetles. These emerging 
beetles readily discover the newly planted vines and soon riddle the 
leaves of these small plants. For this reason it is very desirable, 
when the replanting of an old vineyard area is found necessary, that 
some annual crop be grown for at least one season, in order that the 
soil may be free of the insect when the new vines are planted. 
In order that newly planted vines may bo maintained in a thrifty 
condition during the period between planting and the bearing of the 
first crop of fruit, the vineyardist should keep a sharp watch during 
the month of July for the appearance of the grape root-worm beetles 
upon his young vines. When the beetles are numerous, they skele- 
tonize many of the leaves, and this greatly retards the growth of the 
plant. If the infested vines are thoroughly sprayed with arsenate of 
lead at a strength of 3 pounds to 50 gallons of water, the injury by the 
beetles may be in a great measure prevented. 
