22 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
corner of Mississippi and in the adjoining partof Louisiana. Dr. D. L. Phares, of New- 
tonia (near Woodville), Miss., says that in 1358 they extended over most of "Wilkin- 
son and part of Amite Counties, Mississippi, and East and West Feliciana, Louisiana. 
Ho has himself witnessed the appearance of this brood during the years 1832, 1845, 
and 1858, while it is distinctly remembered by aged people in his neighborhood as 
having also appeared there in the years 1806 and 1819. Dr. Smith gives their range 
from the Mississippi River east to a ridge 45 miles from the river that divides the 
State north and south, and north and south to the boundaries of the State, record- 
ing them as occurring in 1806, 1819, 1832, 1845, and 1858. 
1871. — This brood also appeared in 1871, and a few precursors were 
noticed in 1869, but none in 1870. I quote the following account of it 
from a letter from Dr. Phares: " A few males began to appear about the 
20th of April. Not many of auy kind came out till the 7th and 8th of 
May. On those two days, from 5^ till 8 p.m., or about dark, they came 
forth from the earth in vast numbers, and in large numbers from that time 
for ten days more, the last I noticed issuing on the 18th of May, and being 
mostly of the smaller and sometimes darker-colored individuals. Per- 
haps three-fourths of those coming up on the 7th and 8th of May were 
females. They are now (May 22) iu full song, and I notice, with others, 
that when my large bell (412 pounds) is rung, they sing with redoubled 
fury." 
Dr. Phares also sent me a large number of specimens and measure- 
ments to show that there is a variation of at least half an iuch iu the 
expanse of the wings, and that the small, dark form which has been 
named cassinii is connected with the larger normal form by infinite 
grades. He is more convinced than ever that the small form cannot be 
a distinct species, and that there should be no C. cassinii recognized ; 
iu which opinion 1 fully concur. 
Regarding the possibility that a detachment of this brood exists in 
southern Illinois (Union County), I refer to my remarks on Brood VII. 
In a communication to the Southern Field and Factory, August, 1873, 
Dr. Phares records the appearance of this brood since the year 1806, 
aud defines its extent in Louisiana and Mississippi as follows : 
" Their western limit is the Mississippi River, the southern about 8 
miles north of Baton Rouge, the eastern about 4 miles west of Greens- 
burgh, the county seat of Saint Helena, and 4 miles west also of Liberty, 
in Amite County, Mississippi, thus extending from 15 to 50 miles from 
the Mississippi River, and from the vicinity of the city of Baton Rouge, 
108 miles to the northern limit of Claiborne County, Mississippi, per- 
haps even further. They, therefore, occupy East and West Feliciana, 
the northern part of East Baton Rouge, the northwest corner of Liv- 
ingston, and the western part of Saint Helena parishes, Louisiana, aud 
Wilkinson, Adams, Jefferson, Claiborne, and parts of Amite, Franklin, 
and possibly parts of oue or two more counties in Mississippi." 
According to Mr. J. W. Merchant (letter dated August 29, 1871), this 
brood did not appear at Carthage, Miss., which statement confirms the 
