38 
Fig. 34.— Larva 
of bud-moth. 
(Slingerland.) 
the case remaining attached to the tree all winter. In Ma}^ the } T oung 
hatch, and at once start to make little cases for themselves, which they 
enlarge as they grow. When read} T to pupate, the caterpillar fastens 
its case to a twig and transforms to the chrysalis. The male moth 
appears in August. There is but one brood a } T ear. 
OTHER CATERPILLARS. 
On the apple tree in winter one may find several other caterpillars 
in various stages of development. One of them, the pistol-case bearer 
(Coleophora malivorella Riley), is a small larva with a 
dark head. It carries with it a case the tip of which is 
curved over, the whole about one-eighth inch long. It 
feeds on the buds and leaves in spring. In the fall it 
fastens itself securely to the twig, and thus passes the 
winter in an immature condition. 
Another is the cigar-case bearer ( Coleophora Jl etc lor r// a 
Fern.). It has a life history similar to the preceding, 
but its case is straight, not curved. 
Both feed on the pear and quince. 
Small, elongate, white, ribbed 
cocoons, nearly one-fourth of an 
inch long, often in clusters, are sometimes 
seen on apple bark in winter. They indicate 
the presence of the apple-leaf bucculatrix 
(B. pomifoliella Clem.). In spring the tiny, 
delicate moths issue from the cases. The larva? 
mine the leaves. There are two broods an- 
nually. 
Small, inconspicuous cases, covered with 
particles of dirt and bark, are, at times, found 
on the bark of the apple and pear. These con- 
tain the half-grown larva of the bud-moth 
{Trnetocera ocellana Schif., figs. 34 and 35). 
In spring the larva feeds on the buds and 
young leaves, webbing the leaves in a bunch 
or nest. They pupate within this nest. The 
moth issues in Jul} T , and is a grayish insect with a creamy white patch 
on each fore- wing. During the summer the young larva 1 partially 
skeletonize the leaves, feeding beneath a thin silken web. As winter 
approaches they migrate to the twigs and form their hibernating cases. 
There is but one brood a 3^ear. 
COLEOPTERA (BEETLES, WEEVILS). 
Beetles are easily known by the hard, coriaceous fore-wings that 
cover and protect the back of the abdomen. Both in the larval and 
the mature conditions they have biting mouth-parts, and injury is 
Fig. 35. — Work of bud-moth 
larvae in opening twigs. 
(Slingerland.) 
