32 
in the fall they have quite a tent. On the approach of winter they 
strengthen their tent and use it to shelter them during the winter. 
In spring they come out, eat the unfolding buds and tender leaves, 
and thus do great damage. The full-grown caterpillar is about li 
inches long, dark brown, mottled, and spotted with orange, and clothed 
with reddish-brown hairs and two rows of dense tufts of white hair, 
along the upper side of the body. By the middle of June the cater- 
pillars are ready to pupate, and each makes a cocoon attached to a 
terminal branch, or sometimes elsewhere on the tree, or even on some 
other object. These cocoons are often close to each other, so as to 
form quite a mass. The moths emerge in a few weeks. They have 
white wings, and the females a brown tip to the abdomen. There is 
but one brood each year. 
THE LEAF-CRUMPLER. 
(Mineola indiginella Zell.) 
The presence of this insect is easily recognized in winter by the 
clusters of brown, shriveled, and parti}" eaten leaves fastened together 
and to the twigs by silken threads. Within each cluster of leaves is 
a curved tube, usually sinuate at the small end, and within this tube is 
the small, brownish caterpillar of this moth. This caterpillar is but 
half grown. In early spring the larva cuts loose from its fastenings, 
crawls with its case out upon the branches, and attacks the developing 
buds and young leaves, thus causing a great deal of injury. The cat- 
erpillar becomes full fed by the middle of May, and is then of a green- 
ish color. It pupates in the larval nest, and the moths issue in June 
or early Jul}". The eggs are deposited in July, singly on the leaves. 
The young larva, upon hatching, starts to make a little case for itself, 
which it enlarges when necessary. They feed on all fruit trees, but 
are partial to apple, and there is but one brood annually. 
THE W T HITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH. 
{Orgyia leucosligma S. & A. — fig, 22.) 
The caterpillar of this moth, which does great damage to shade trees 
in cities, sometimes attacks apple and other fruit trees. The adult 
insect is a light-grayish moth, the female wingless, the male with ash- 
gray Avings, expanding about 1^ inches, and the antennae are feathered. 
The eggs, 300 to 500 in number, are laid by the wingless female in the 
fall within a frothy substance, which on drying becomes hard and 
brittle. The whole is a very prominent whitish mass, often situated 
partly or w T hollv upon the old cocoon. In Ma}' the young larva? hatch 
and begin eating the foliage. The larva? are full-grown in July, and 
spin their slight silken cocoons, attached to any convenient spot. The 
full-grown caterpillar is a very handsome insect, about li inches in 
