19 
PUTNAM'S SCALE. 
(Asjridiolus ancylus Putnam.) 
This scale is widely distributed and attacks all orchard trees. In 
general appearance it is like the San Jose scale, but at once known by 
the exposed orange exuvium, the less circular scale, and by the half- 
grown } T oung having no depressed ring around the nipple. It can be 
separated from the European fruit scale and from the cherry scale 
only b} 7 a microscopic examination of mounted specimens. It is usu- 
ally much darker than the cherry scale, the exuvium usually a brighter 
orange, and the scale more conical than that species. Specimens vary, 
however, a great deal in these points. 
The insect winters in a nearly full- 
grown condition. The males appear in 
April, soon pair with the females, and 
the latter deposit eggs in the late spring 
or early summer. The young beg-in to 
hatch early in July and continue dur- 
ing the month. There is but one brood 
a year. 
THE CHERRY SCALE. 
(Aspidiotus forbesi Johnson. ) 
This scale is similar to Putnam's and 
to the European fruit scale, but some- 
times, especially on cherry, it is more 
shining, and presents a gray rim around 
the scale, which is commonly natter 
than the allied species. It attacks all orchard trees, but is rarely com- 
mon. It winters partly grown, like its allies. The male issues in 
April. The eggs are laid in April or early May, the young hatching- 
during Mivy and part of June. There appears to be two broods a year, 
the males of the second brood issuing during the latter part of July 
and the young during August and September. 
Fig. 8. — Aspidiotus osfreivformis: a, scales 
on twig; b, natural size; c, immature 
stage; d, female; e, male; / and g, in- 
side of scales. (Marlatt.) 
THE WALNUT SCALE. 
(Aspidiotus juglans-regix Comstock — fig. 9.) 
This insect is at once recognized by the large size of the adult female 
scale, it being the largest of our species of the genus, the scale often 
being 3 mm in diameter (one-twelfth inch), while the San Jose scale is 
scarcely 2 mm in diameter. The adult female scale is irregularly circu- 
lar in outline, quite flat, and of a pale grayish or dirty- white color. 
The exuvial spot is reddish or orange and situated one side of the cen- 
ter. The scale often appears to be less closely attached to the bark 
than with the other species of this genus. The male scale is elliptical 
