18 
confusion of generations throughout the summer, breeding constantly 
going on until late fall. The number of broods will thus depend upon 
the length of the season. 
Fig. 7. — Aspidiotus perniciosus: Infested fruit and branch, and enlarged scales. (Howard.) 
THE EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE. 
(Aspidiohis oslreseformis Curtis — fig. 8.) 
This species can usually be readily separated from the San Jose 
scale by the characters mentioned under that species, but it is practi- 
cally impossible, without making a microscopic mount, to distinguish 
it from Putnam's scale and the cherry scale. The cherry scale, espe- 
cially when on cherry, is more shining and often shows a grayish 
margin. The European fruit scale occurs on all orchard trees, but 
only, so far as known, in certain Northern States. The winter is 
passed by the partl} T grown specimens, which become mature toward 
the last of June, and soon begin to give birth to living young. The 
young continue to appear for several weeks. There appears to be but 
one brood a year, at least in the Northern States. 
