10 
Insects upon the bark of trunk or branches — Continued. 
In a case or bag hanging from twigs Bagworm. 
Clusters of eggs on bark Cankerworms, tussock moth, and gipsy moth. 
A belt of eggs around twigs Apple-tree tent caterpillar. 
Single small blackish eggs often in groups on twigs or branches Plant-lice. 
Smaller reddish eggs Clover mite. 
Insects beneath the bark: 
Tiny holes usually near a crotch, each covered by a bit of frass Peach 
twig-borer. 
Small brown beetle within the twig .Apple twig-borer. 
Small holes in bark of trunk or larger branches Fruit-tree bark-beetle. 
A gummy exudation of sap at base of tree Peach tree-borer. 
Discolored spots or cracks and evidences of frass Round-headed and 
flat-headed apple tree-borers, and sinuate pear borer. 
TABULAR STATEMENT OF INSECTS FEEDING ON THE BUDS AND 
YOUNG LEAVES IN EARLY SPRING. 
Feeding on the buds or young shoots Bud worm, peach twig-borer, leaf-crumpler, 
brown-tail moth, pistol-case and cigar-case bearers. 
Feeding upon the leaves: 
Plant-lice Apple plant-lice, plum plant-louse, and cherry aphis. 
Caterpillars in tents Apple-tree tent caterpillar. 
Hairy caterpillars Tussock moth, brown-tail moth, gipsy moth. 
Bare caterpillars Canker worms. 
A blister or gall upon leaves Pear-leaf blister-mite. 
Small caterpillars within little cases Pistol-case bearer, cigar-case bearer, 
leaf-crumpler, and bagworm. 
HEMIPTERA (BUGS, SCALE INSECTS, AND PLANT-LICE). 
The members of this order obtain their food (which is liquid) by 
sucking it up a slender tube into the mouth cavity. This tube or 
beak is composed of several needle-like pieces so shaped and arranged 
that they inclose a minute channel up Avhich the liquid food is drawn. 
The beak is inserted in the plant often to some distance beneath the 
surface. The members of this order do not pass through a pupal or 
chrysalis stage like the butterflies and moths, but there is an approach 
to it in the males of the scale insects. The insects of this order to be 
treated are arranged in four families, which may be separated, for 
our purposes, as follows: 
The insect from above apparently without legs, antenna?, or wings, and fixed to the 
host plant; the adult male (not often seen) usually has two wings Coccidse. 
I scale insects). 
The insect shows distinct legs and antenna', and often four wings. 
Most of the specimens wingless, and provided with two small tubes or cornicles 
(see fig. 16) near tip of body; not hopping when disturbed Aphididae 
( plant-lice). 
Adult always winged, without the cornicles; hopping when disturbed. 
The prothorax not enlarged, with hyaline wings Psyllidse. 
The prothorax greatly enlarged; wings obscured Membracidae. 
