18 THE PLUM CUECULIO. 
tended discussion of apparatus for jarring. Also during the same year 
there was published in the American Entomologist (vol. 1, pp. 130- 
136) a popular account of the curculio, this being a lecture given by 
Dr. Riley before the Illinois State Horticultural Society. Numerous 
references, or more or less extended articles, concerning this insect 
are to be found in the writings of the earlier entomologists, as William 
Saunders, William Le Baron, Townend Glover, A. J. Cook, J. A. 
Lintner, and others, but the writings of Walsh and Riley were per- 
haps of most importance. 
References to the plum curculio notably increased with the estab- 
lishment of the agricultural experiment stations. Dr. S. A. Forbes, 
in Illinois, had already given some attention to this insect, publish- 
ing interesting observations on the use of poisons in its control as 
early as 1885. Experiments in spraying with arsenicals had been 
undertaken by W. B. Alwood, working under the direction of the 
entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, begin- 
ning with the season of 1887, and an extended summary account of 
the insect, by C. V. Riley and L. O. Howard, was published in the 
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for 1888. During this 
latter year Prof. C. M. Weed, of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment 
Station, began experiments in the use of arsenicals in its control, 
which were continued during the two or three subsequent seasons. 
Similar tests were reported by Prof. A. J. Cook in 1887 from Michigan, 
and in 1890 Prof. C. P. Gillette, in Bulletin 9 of the Iowa Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station, gave results of experiments and observa- 
tions on the curculio and plum gouger carried out during the season 
of 1889. 
A specific investigation of the curculio as an apple pest was begun 
b}^ Prof. J. M. Stedman in Missouri in 1900 and continued during 
1901 and 1902. Results of his investigations were given in Bulletin 
64 of the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, published in 
July, 1904. Prof. C. S. Crandall, in Illinois, began in 1903 a thorough 
investigation of the insect as an apple pest, continuing the work 
during the folio whig year. Results of his investigations and studies 
on the plum and apple curculios are published in Bulletin 98 of the 
Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station (1905) and comprise per- 
haps the most comprehensive account of the life histories of these 
two insects thus far given, as well as results of experiments with 
arsenical sprays on a commercial scale. The year following Prof. 
Forbes, in Bulletin 108 of the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion (1906), reported results of experiments with arsenical sprays 
on a commercial scale, showing in connection with the work of Prof. 
Crandall that notably less injury to apples resulted following the 
thorough use of arsenate of lead. During the same year Prof. M. V. 
Slingerland reported results of cooperative spraying against the 
