8 THE PLUM CURCULIO. 
Page. 
Seasonal history 112 
Time of appearance of beetles in spring 1 12 
Relation of temperature to appearance of beetles 118 
Occurrence of beetles in orchards 120 
Number of generations annually 125 
Beetles from emergence to hibernation 127 
Hibernation 129 
Mortality of the curculio during hibernation 132 
Percentage of fruit punctured or infested by the plum curculio 134 
Natural enemies 139 
Parasitic insects 140 
(Anaphes) Anaphoidea conotracheli Girault 140 
(Sigalphus) Triaspis curculionis Fitch 142 
(Sigalphus) Triaspis curculionis var. rufus Riley 146 
(Porizon) Thersilochus conotracheli Riley 147 
(Bracon) Microbracon mellitor Say 148 
Bracon dorsata Say 148 
Other hymenopterous parasites 148 
Myiophasia senea Wiedemann 149 
Cholomyia insequipes Bigot 150 
Pegomija fusciceps Zett 151 
Predaceous insects 152 
Fowls and birds as curculio destroyers 154 
Remedial measures 155 
Historical 155 
Premiums for remedies for the curculio 167 
The Ransom chip process 168 
Jarring for the curculio 168 
Present status of jarring 172 
Cultivation for destruction of pupae 176 
Spraying with arsenicals 178 
Feeding experiments with poisons 185 
Spraying for the curculio on apple 189 
Early experiments 189 
Experiments by the Bureau of Entomology 193 
Experiments at Anderson, Mo 193 
Experiments in western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania . 1 95 
Experiments at Siloam Springs, Ark 196 
Experiments in Virginia 197 
Experiments at St. Joseph, Mo 198 
Conclusions 200 
Scheme for spraying apple orchards 201 
Spraying peaches with arsenicals 202 
Some results of spraying peaches for the curculio 208 
Directions for the preparation of self -boiled lime-sulphur wash 212 
Directions for using arsenate of lead 213 
Schedule of applications 214 
Midseason varieties 214 
Late varieties 214 
Early varieties 214 
Spraying plums and cherries 215 
Some results of spraying plums 216 
Results of spraying cherries 218 
Economic bibliography 219 
Index 243 
