LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS: THE PUPA. 
91 
Table XLVII. — Effect of moisture on transformations of the plum curculio in the ground, 
Barnesville, Ga., 1 910. 
Dates of emergence of 
adults and parasites. 
Red clay kept nor- 
mally moist (24/ 
larvae, Aug. 6-9). 
Red clay moist at 
start but allowed 
to dry out (245 
larva'* Aug. 6-9). 
Sandy loam kept 
normally moist 
(2S0 larva}, Aug. 
10-13). 
Sandy loam moist at 
start but allowed 
to dry 
larva', Aug. 10- 
13). 
Adults. 
Para- 
sites. 
Adults. 
Para- 
sites. 
Adults. 
Para- 
sites. 
Adults. 
Para- 
sites. 
Aug 29 
2 
3 
6 
4 
4 
5 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
30 
31 
Sept. 1 
1 
2 
2 
19 
15 
17 
17 
12 
15 
12 
6 
6 
7 
7 
6 
1 
5 
4 
3 
7 
7 
2 
1 
2 
3 
3 
2 
2 
8 
Hi 
28 
12 
18 
14 
5 
13 
11 
4 
3 
3 
3 
1 
4 
2 
2 
2 
4 
3 
1 
6 
3 
7 
167 
8 
1 
1 
8 .. 
1 
1 
9 
1 
10 .. 
2 
2 
11 . 
1 
12 .. 
13 
14 .. 
1 
15... 
1 
16 
17 .... 
5 
2 
5 
1 
1 
18 
1 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
1 
24 

25 
2 
26 
::;:;:;;;;;: 
27 
28 

29 
1 
1 
1 
30 
Total 
163 
65.99 
30 
78 1 2 
31.84 
32. 65 
l(i4 30 fi 
13 
Percentage 
Percentage adults 
and parasites emerg- 
58. 57 
70. 
2.08 
78.13 
00 
6.90 
1 The soil in box had dried so hard that it was considered impossible for any beel les to emerge. To deter- 
mine the effect of wetting, water was applied on the evening of Sept. 6. The record shows the prompt 
emergence of the beetles. 
In the case of the red-clay soil kept normally moist, 65.99 per cent 
of the larvae transformed to adults, or if account be taken of the para- 
sites, 78.13 per cent. From the box containing dry red clay soil it is 
highly probable that not a single adult would have been able to escape 
without the thorough soaking giveu on September 6. That many 
beetles were still alive is shown by the prompt emergence of 67 the 
day following, and 11 more during the next 3 days. The effect of 
drought on this type of soil is also shown to reduce emergence of para- 
Bites. A total of 32.65 per cent of the individuals in this box are 
accounted for as beetles or parasites. 
From the normally moist sandy-loam soil 164 beetles developed and 
32 parasites, giving a total percentage of individuals accounted for 
of 70 per cent as compared with the emergence record of 6.90 per cent 
of the dry sandy loam soil. 
