112 
THE PLUM CURCULIO. 
Table LVIII. — Showing time required for transformations of the plum cur culio from 
egg to adult. Individual records — Continued. 
Localities. 
Dates of ovipo'i- 
tion. 
Indi- 
vid- 
uals. 
Beetles emerging in specified 
days from oviposition. 
Total 
life 
cycle. 
Aver- 
age 
length 
of life 
cycle. 
66 
17 
17 
67 
8 
11 
8 
"i 
68 
7 
3 
70 
71 
72 
2 
" 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
1 
78 
1 
Apr. 8-14, 1910 
May 9-26, 1910 
June 16-30, 1910... 
July 1-30, 1910 
Aug. 7-17, 1910.... 
91 
49 
27 
177 
71 
415 
10 
17 
33 
24 
98 
Days. 
5,984 
2,327 
Days. 
67.23 
Do... 
4K. f>4 
Do... 
1,204 44.59 
Do... 
7,979 4.VOR 
Do... 
3,511 
49.53 
Total 
7 
"i 
3 
1 
2 
1 
1 
20,995 
498 
832 
1,220 
1,086 
5,728 
50.35 
June 21-24, 1905... 
June 13-14, 1906... 
Ma vlO-June 10,1905 
Ma v 7-16, 1906 
June 24-July 6,1910 
49.80 
43.06 
Washington, D. C 
Myrtle, Ga 
36.97 
45. 25 
58.45 
Grand total 
597 
17 
9 
8 
3 
1 
2 
1 
1 
30,359 
49.85 
The several averages of time for complete transformations in the 
individual records show a range of from 36.97 to 67.23 days, the 
former from the insect ary records of 1905 at Washington and the 
latter from Barnesville, Ga., in 1910. There is here a difference of 
30.26 days, but it should be borne in mind that the insect ary records 
show a much shorter life-cycle period than normal, by reason of the 
high temperature under which the insects were reared. The average 
of all localities is 49.85 days, differing by only a fraction of a day from 
the average of 50.27 days already shown in Table LVII. 
SEASONAL HISTORY. 
TIME OF APPEARANCE OF BEETLES IN SPRING. 
The curculio is roused from hibernation in spring by about the same 
temperature conditions required to bring into blossom the various 
deciduous fruits upon which it subsists. It is a matter of importance, 
however, to know just when the beetles first appear in orchards with 
reference to the condition of the trees ; as whether before blossoming, 
during this period, or after the fruit has set. This question has a 
bearing on the time of making spray applications and of beginning 
other remedial work, as jarring. Little exact information on this 
point is to be found in literature. Dr. Tilton (loc. cit., p. 116), 
writing in 1804, remarks that — 
Early in the spring, about the time when the fruit trees are in blossom, the cur- 
culiones ascend in swarms from the earth, crawl up the trees, and as the several fruits 
advance they puncture the rind or skin with their pointed rostra, and deposit their 
embryos in the wounds thus inflicted. 
Mr. William Bartram, in a paper read in 1789, expressed the belief 
that the insects appeared when the fruit was half grown or younger, 
