XATfliAL ENEMIES. 
139 
Table LXXIX. -Number of egg and feeding punctures and percentage of injury to 
apples, including drop fruit and fruit from tree, various localities, for seasons 1908 
and 1909 Continued. 
Localities. 
West field, X. 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Variety. 
Baldwin. 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
....do... 
Date. 
Season 1908. 
Season 1938. 
Season 1908. 
Season 1908. 
Season 1908. 
Total and aver- 
age per cenl 
of injury. 
Crozef,Ya Yellow Newtown. Season 1909. 
Do do Season 1909. 
Do do Season 1909. 
Do do Season 1909. 
Do do I Season 1909. 
Do ' do Season 1909. 
Do do Season 1909. 
Do do Season 1909. 
Total and aver- 
age per cent 
of injury. 
Fisherville, Va 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Winesap . 
do. . . 
do... 
do... 
do... 
do... 
Total and aver- 
age per cent 
of injur}-. 
Mount Jackson, Va... 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Total and aver- 
age per cent 
of injury. 
Ben Davis. 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
n 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909. 
Season 1909 
Tree. 
No. 
Egg 
punc- 
tures. 
139 
169 
119 
117 
191 
Feed- 
ing 
Injured 
punc- 
fruit. 
tures. 
52 
181 
110 
298 
62 
283 
212 
121 
286 
""'of SE£ 
1 of fruit 
injured. 
fruit. 
748 
1,518 
881 
1.100 
4-40 1.210 5,085 
24.77 
1.070 
1,627 
479 
631 
1.419 
1,068 
1.433 
1,170 
1,076 
1.2.55 
3. 423 
944 
1.571 
- 
220 
437 
816 
331 
531 
1,016 
1,071 
1.415 
3.111 
871 
1,193 
865 
1,285 
2.091 
G95 
1,098 
1,980 
9.497 
6.079 
8,785 19.107 
45. 97 
1.326 
536 
1.350 
4,463 
7_'7 
3*9 
799 
3.134 
1,718 
518 
1.378 
3.537 
1.573 
37s 
1.420 
4,055 
2. 793 
795 
2.307 
5,892 
1.019 
206 
803 
2.244 
9.156 
2,822 
8,057 
23.325 
34. 53 
5.119 
2.217 
3. 186 
3.926 
3.545 
952 
2,226 
3.109 
1.703 
509 
1.079 
1,840 
2.179 
709 
1.226 
1 . 508 
3.723 
1.307 
2.399 
3,189 
4,113 
2.009 
2. 823 
4. 153 
5.541 
3,238 
3.611 
5. 121 
3,785 
1.199 
2.107 
2 795 
29. 708 
12, 140 
18,657 
25.(,41 
12. 72 
The injury indicated for apples ranges from 93.88 to 24.77 per cent 
of the total crop, both dropped and picked fruit. Tt is not to be 
inferred that the figures indicate 1 the actual amount of fruit lost 
from curculio attack, since 1 in many instances in the case 1 of fruit from 
trees there would be but a single feeding puncture 1 , or an old egg scar, 
largely outgrown. Such specimens, while unfit for fancy market 
fruit, would possess considerable value. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
There are many factors which taken collectively exert an important 
influence on the numbers of the curculio, as unfavorable conditions 
during the winter, drought during pupal period and time of emergence 
of beetles from the 1 soil, scarcity e>f fruit for oviposition due te> frosts 
e>r other causes, and the 1 influence of parasitic and predaceous enemies 
and disease. Notwithstanding all of these, the insect is able to main- 
