SPRAYING FOR CURCULTO OX APPLE. 201 
fact it may be said as a general statement that the curculio will 
never become seriously troublesome in apple orchards given the 
usual routine attention in cultivation, spraying, pruning, etc., now- 
considered essential in successful fruit growing. Serious losses from 
the curculio are almost conclusive evidence of neglect, which is besl 
and most quickly corrected by the adoption of proper orchard prac- 
tice. The following schedule of spraying is recommended for apple 
orchards and should control the plum curculio as well as the numer- 
ous other insects mentioned. Where the curculio is excessively 
troublesome a treatment about midway between the third and fourth 
would probably be advantageous. 
SCHEME FOR SPRAYIXG APPLE ORCHARDS. 1 
First treatment. — Spray with arsenate of lead in Bordeaux mix- 
ture or dilute lime-sulphur solution for apple scab when cluster buds 
are out, but before the blossoms open. This treatment is valuable 
against the bud moth, cankerworms, plum and apple curculios, tent 
caterpillar, etc. 
Second treatment. — As soon as the petals have fallen, spray very 
thoroughly with arsenate of lead in Bordeaux mixture or dilute lime- 
sulphur solution so as to place a dose of poison in the calyx cup of 
each young apple. Larva? of the codling moth, the principal cause 
of wormy apples, hatching some three or four weeks later, mostly 
enter the fruit at the blossom end, and are thus killed. This is the 
most important of all treatments for the codling moth and is valua- 
ble in destroying the lesser apple worm (Enarmonia prunivora), plum 
and apple curculios, cankerworms, tent caterpillars, etc. 
Tldrd treatment. — Three or four weeks after blossoms have fallen 
use arsenate of lead in Bordeaux mixture or dilute lime-sulphur 
solution, thoroughly coating the foliage and young fruit. This is 
valuable against the codling moth and affords further protection 
against the insects above mentioned. 
Fourth treatment. — An additional application of the arsenical in a 
fungicide may be necessary, nine or ten weeks after the blossoms 
fall, for the second brood of the codling moth, and. in the Middle and 
Southern States especially, a fifth treatment is advisable two or three 
weeks later. In orchards not infested with the bud moth and canker- 
worms the first treatment may be omitted. The second, third, and 
fourth applications will suffice to give protection from most insect 
pests of the fruit and foliage, supplemented by the fifth for the ter- 
ritory indicated. 
i Excellent results in control of the curculio and the Codling moth have been obtained from a single 
application of an arsenical after the falling of the petals. The one-spray treatment is most likely to he 
ot value for varieties not subject to scab and bitter rot. The reader should obtain copies Of rej>orts on 
one-spray method, being Tart VII of Bulletin 80 and Cart 11 of Bulletin 116 of this bureau. 
