28 
bollworm is well established, appearing in considerable numbers 
almost every year and attacking y weet corn, tomatoes, lield corn, garden 
vegetables, ornamentals, and various other plants. Numerous reports 
are made of its injuries to these plants. In New Jersey, Delaware,, 
Mar^^aud. Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, and other States of this area, where 
sweet corn and tomatoes are largely grown for canning purposes, the 
insect is considered a pest of prime importance to these crops. Injury 
to tield corn occurs in varying degree almost ever}' \qb.i\ often attain- 
ing considerable proportions. The character and regularity of injuries 
by this insect fix it as a permanent pest in this area, and it is unnec- 
essar}' in this connection to cite specific examples of injury. 
UPPER SON OR AX AREA. 
In the western or more arid portion of the Upper Austral zone east 
of the Rocky Mountains the bollworm, from the data in hand, appears 
to lose much of its importance as a pest. Sufincient data are not avail- 
able to discuss the extent and character of its injuries, but the few 
reports indicate that during certain years it is moderatel}^ abundant 
and destructive to sweet and field corn. 
LOWER AUSTRAL ZONE. 
In the Lower Austral zone, especially the area eastward of, approxi- 
mately, the one-hundredth meridian, and known as the Austroriparian, 
the bollworm attains its maximum abundance. 
AUSTRORIPARIAN AREA. 
The Austroriparian area marks, approximately, the principal cotton- 
growing territory of the South. While the bollworm varies much in 
destructiveness throughout this territory — a fact due largely to local 
conditions, such as difierences in methods of farm practice — yet it is 
eveiy where present, and usualh' in injurious numbers, on some of its 
numerous food plants, as corn, cotton, tomatoes, tolmcco, alfalfa, and 
various garden vegetables. Throughout the greater part of the area 
the commercial culture of sweet corn is attended with the greatest 
difficulty by reason of the attacks of this species. In Florida and other 
sections of the South, where the growing of early tomatoes for north- ' 
ern markets is an important industry, the bollworm is yearly the source 
of much loss from its ravages to the early fruit. Probably nowhere 
in the world does the cotton bollworm become the soiu'ce of more 
complaint than in the Austroriparian area of the United States. 
LOWER SONORAN AREA. 
The western and arid portion of the Lower Austral zone is desig- 
nated the Lower Sonoran area. In Texas, from about the ninetv-eighth 
