25 
above-mentioned States would be a most conservative estimate. For 
the purposes of the present computation, bollworm injury in the 
States of Alabama, Georgia, Florida, the Carolinas, and the other 
cotton-growing- States not mentioned may be ignored as of little 
importance. 
The total value of cotton fiber and seed for the States of Texas, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, and Arkansas for 
1899 is given by the Twelfth Census as 1213,695,256. Four per cent 
of this amount is $8,547,810, the approximate annual tax of the boll- 
worm on the cotton planters of these States. 
INJURY TO TOMATOES. 
Bollworm injury to tomatoes is variable and hard to more than 
approximatel}^ estimate. Injury by the first and second generations of 
larvae is probably most severe, but reports of depredations in the late 
summer and fall are not wanting. The destruction of the early fruit 
augments the loss. In the commercial tomato-growing regions of the 
South, especially in Florida, Mississippi, and eastern Texas, complaints 
of severe injury are frequent; likewise in Maryland, New Jersey, 
Delaware, and other States, where large quantities of tomatoes are 
grown for canning purposes, the average annual injur}^ is doubtless 
quite important. A possible basis for an estimate of loss to tomato 
growers by the bollworm is to be found in the statistics of the pack 
of this vegetable in the United States for 1900, which are given by the 
Twelfth Census as 5,495,093 cases of twenty -four 3-pound cans each. 
At the minimum valuation of $1.46 per case, the crop in 1900 was worth 
$8,022,835. Placing the average annual loss to this crop by the boll- 
worm in the United States at 2 per cent, which is undoubtedly a very 
conservative estimate, the amount is 1160,456. 
Bringing together the losses to the afore-mentioned crops, there is 
shown a total of $27,129,119 as the 3^ early tax of this species on growers 
of corn, cotton, and tomatoes in the United States. 
The extent of losses to various other crops, such as tobacco, alfalfa; 
cowpeas, various garden vegetables, and others, would increase this 
amount somewhat, and the sum total of losses from its depredations in 
this and foreign countries would be an amount sufficient to easily place 
the bollworm amongst the foremost injurious species of the world. 
DISTRIBUTION AND DESTRUCTIVENESS IN RELATION TO LIFE 
ZONES. 
With the probable exception of the Boreal, the cotton bollworm is 
known to occur in all of the life zones of North America, as mapped 
out b}^ Doctor Merriam (PI. II), namel}^, the Transition, Upper Aus- 
tral, Lower Austral, and Tropical. 
