20 
various flowers, and pine. Often serious injury is done to early toma- 
toes and peas, and much complaint is made of injur}^ to buds of flowers 
and 3^oung fruit of peaches, plums, prunes, etc., of which 50 or more 
per cent are quite often scarred. Corn is generalh^ infested. Hand 
picking is largely practiced to protect orchard trees, and thorough 
cleaning up for protecting vineyards. 
In Natal the pest is apparently less destructive. Mr. Claude Fuller, 
formerh" Government entomologist, has noted its injuries to corn, 
Kafir corn, and tomatoes, but generally the damage is slight. 
In Australia the insect is very generally distributed over the cen- 
tral parts, according to Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, of Adelaide, it being 
one of the most common of the larger moths. The larvae feed almost 
indiscriminately, attacking wheat, barle}", and oats while these crops 
are young, and most other herbaceous plants in all stages, the former 
crops being attacked at or near the ground, much after the manner of 
cutworms. Native crows and magpies feed on the larvee, rendering- 
much service in this way. It is noted that native grasses are not 
attacked. Several generations annually probably occur. 
Mr. Arthur M. Lea, writing concerning this same insec^t in Austra- 
lia, mentions an instance where the larvae, leaving the flowers of 
''everlasting," on which they were feeding, appeared to migrate simul- 
taneousl}^ in true arm^^-woi^ fashion, attacking a near-by paddock 
of oats, which was completel}" destroj^ed. The same gentleman states 
that the bollworm is very rare in Tasmania, only two specimens hav- 
ing been obtained during a period of four years. 
In Ceylon, Mr. E. Ernest Green, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, 
writes that the bollworm does not there rank as a serious pest. The 
larv^ are principally injurious to flowers, as rose buds, and to vege- 
tables, as the fruit of Phy sails j)eruvia7ia^ the Cape gooseberry. Hand 
picking is the onl}^ method employed in its control. 
In Japan, according to Mr. Yasuchi Nawa, of Gifu, the bollworm is 
most injurious to tobacco, cotton not being especially injured. Other 
plants attacked are flax, corn, cucurbits, and hemp {Cannabis saiiva). 
The insect is controlled by destroying the eggs by the use of kerosene 
emulsion. Three or four generations occur annually. 
Attention should here be called to the occurrence in the cotton fields 
of Egypt, of an insect there known as the bollworm, which is, however, 
a species quite different from the bollworm of the United States. The 
Egyptian bollworm resembles our own mostly in its habit of feeding 
on cotton bolls. Its life histor}" presents numerous points of differ- 
ence. Mr. George P. Foaden, in the Journal of the Khedival Agri- 
cultural Societ}" for May and June of 1899, page 940, gives an account 
of this species under the name of Earias insulana. 
