102 
In Massachusetts, according to Lounsbuiy^ — 
The caterpillars pupate beneath the surface of the ground, and those of the second 
brood pass the winter in the pupal stage. 
Concerning the generations of this insect in Ontario, Prof. ^y. 
Lochhead states:^ 
Observations point to the view that the corn worm is single-brooded with us, but 
it may be double-brooded in some of the southern localities. 
In order to ascertain, if possible, what relation the total effective 
temperature during the breeding season has to the number of genera- 
tions of the bollworm in dift'erent localities, the following table was 
constructed. It is based on Weather Bureau temperature records for 
various localities and the effective temperature determinations derived 
from laboratory experiments at Paris, Tex. In each case it is assumed 
that the average effective temperature required for a single life cycle 
is l,^!!'^ F. and that activit}^ in the spring does not begin until the 
monthly mean has reached from 62^ to 65°, ceasing in the fall at the 
same temperature. Such assumptions seem justified b}- the observa- 
tions presented in the earlier part of this bulletin. 
Table XLI. — Effective temperatures, calculated and reported member of generations of 
bollworm for different parts of United States. 
Locality, 
Season of activity. 
Total ef- 
fective 
tempera- 
ture during 
season of 
activity. 
Calculated 
number 
of genera- 
tions. 
Reported number of 
generations. 
Jupiter, Fla 
Victoria, Tex 
Paris, Tex 
Baltimore, Md . . . 
Indianapolis, Ind 
Boston, Mass 
Oswego, N.Y 
All vear 
Mar. 1-Nov. SO . 
Apr. 1-Oct. 31 . . 
May 1-Sept. 30 . 
do 
Junel-Sept.30. 
Junel-Aug.30. 
11,058 
8,876 
6,802 
4,362 
4,178 
2,967 
2, 217 
7.9 
6.2 
4.2 
3.0 
2.9 
2.1 
1.5 
4. 
3 (Delaware). 
2-3 (Ohio>. 
2 (Mass). 
' 1-2 (Ontario). 
SEASONAL HISTORY. 
APPEARANCE OF SPRING MOTHS. 
The earliest records of moths in various parts of Texas during the 
spring of 1904 have been already referred to in connection with ovipo- 
sition, where the dates of finding the first eggs are given. While these 
dates probably represent very nearl}^ the first emergence of moths, 
they do not show the general appearance, which is much later. Thus, 
the first moth to emerge at Victoria from a lot of overwintered pupte 
appeared March 20, and the last April 18, nearl}^ a month later, while 
at Paris the moths first appeared during April, the greater portion 
not until the middle of Ma}^, and the last not until well on toward the 
«Bul. 28, Mass. Agric. Exp. Sta. (Hatch), p. 16. 
&Eept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1901, p. 75. 
