112 
service. Several species of tiger beetles are also common. Their 
larvae nest in burrows in the soil about the plants, no doubt destroy- 
ing an occasional larva, which for some 
reason or another finds itself upon the 
g-round. The most abundant of these 
are Tetracha Carolina Linn, and Cicin- 
dela vulgaris Say. 
Several large predaceous Hemiptera 
known to destro}^ caterpillars are often 
seen in cotton fields, but none of them 
have actually been seen by us in the act 
of devouring a bollworm. The follow - 
ing list includes the more important 
members of this group: 
Fig. 18. — Calosoma calidum: beetle and 
larva (from Riley). 
Metapod'ms femoratus Fab. (PI. XVIII, 
%5). 
Sinea diadema Fab. 
Mdanolestes picipes H.-Sch. 
Apiomerus crassipes Fab. 
Arilus cristatiis Linn. 
Podimis spinosus Dsill. (fig. 19), 
CEhalus pugnax Fab. 
In addition to the aforementioned enemies, the "devil's horse" 
(Stag mom ant is Carolina Burm.) may be mentioned as an activel}^ pre- 
daceous insect frequenting the fields. 
Among the A^ertebrate enemies, the common 
toad {Bicfo lentiginosns and B. valiceps) stands 
out as rather important. Although feeding 
upon almost any living insects which it can 
capture, sometimes at least bollworms form a 
considerable portion of its diet. On September 
14, 1904, Mr. C. R. Jones collected at German- 
town, Ark., a number of toads from a field of 
late cotton badh^ infested b}^ the bollworm. 
The toads in the field at that time were exceed- * z - / a, \to 
inHv numerous, and nine were sent in for ^^^- i9— Pod?s»s ^innosus-. 
J- X- -i-i, Ir. i! 11 - 1^ ^^^^^' ^^^' ^"^ nymphs 
dissection, witn the lollowmg results: (fromRiiev) 
Table XLIII. — Stomach contents of toads from cotton field at Germantown, Ark., 
September 14, 1904. 
Toad. 
Number of bollworms. 
No.l 
None 
No. 2... 
No. 3... 
No 4 
do 
Two: |-inch and i-inch 
None 
No. 5... 
do 
No. 6... 
No. 7... 
Four: Full grown, If-inch, 
f-lnch, piece of large 
worm. 
No. 8... 
No. 9 
Two: ^-incb and i-inch 
One: ^-inch . 
Miscellaneous insects. 
Small ant; Aletia larva, :J-inch. 
Aletia larva, 1-inch; two ladybirds; a Sciara; a small Chryi 
melid beetle. 
Chrysopa larva, Scydmsenid, and Chrysomelid. 
Aletia larva, i-incli, and a small Carabid. 
Aletia larva, full grown; a few small Coleoptera. 
None. 
Do. 
Miscellaneous bits. 
Several small Coleoptera. 
