54 
repeated. Trees with short, rough trunks, or which lean, are not very 
well protected in this way. A strip of smooth, bright tin answers even 
better for the same purpose. A strip 3 or 4 inches wide brought around 
and tacked to a smooth tree will protect it, while on rougher trees a 
piece of old rope may first be tacked around the tree and the tin tacked 
to it, so as to leave a portion both above and below. Passages between 
the tin and rope, or the rope and tree can then be blocked by filling the 
upper area between tin and tree with earth. The tin must be high enough 
from the ground to prevent the 'hoppers from jumping from the latter 
beyond it, and the trunk below the tin, where the insects collect, should 
be covered with some coal tar or poisonous substances to prevent gird- 
ling. This is more especially necessary with small trees, and coal tar 
will answer as such preventives. 
One of the cheapest and simplest modes is to encircle the tree with 
cotton batting, in which the insects will entangle their feet and thus be 
more or less obstructed. Strips of paper covered with tar ; stiff paper 
tied on so as to slope roof- fashion ; strips of glazed wall paper, and thick 
coatings of soft soap, have been used with varying success ; but no es- 
toppel equals the bright tin. The others require constant watching and 
removal, and in all cases coming under our observation some insects 
would get into the trees, so as to require the daily shaking of these morn- 
ing and evening. This will sometimes have to be done, when the bulk 
of the insects have become Hedged, even where tin is used, for a certain 
proportion of the insects will then fly into the trees. They do inost 
damage during the night, and care should be had that the trees be un- 
loaded of their voracious freight just before dark. 
Mr. George Gibbs, of Holden, Missouri, found that the whitewash 
was rendered still more effectual by adding one-half pint of turpentine 
to the pailful. 
DESTRUCTION OF THE WINGED INSECTS. 
The complete destruction of the winged insects, when they swoop 
down upon a country in prodigious swarms, is impossible. Man is pow- 
erless before the mighty host. Special plants, or small tracts of vege- 
tation may be saved by perse veringly driving the insects off, or keeping 
them off by means of smudges, as the locusts avoid smoke; or by rat- 
tling or tinkling noises constantly kept up. Long ropes perseveringly 
dragged over a grain field have been used to good advantage. 
Of the different contrivances already described for the destruction of 
the unfledged locusts, those intended for bagging and catching are the 
most effectual against the winged individuals, great numbers of which 
may be caught, especially at morn and eve, and late in the autumn. At 
such times many may also be crushed. These winged insects are more 
to be dreaded in the northern than in the southern portion of the locust 
area, for in this last the small grains are always harvested before the 
advent of the pests ? and Indian corn is the staple that suffers. The e&- 
