47 
Take a common board from 12 to 16 feet iu length for the foundation or bed piece. 
Make a tin trough 4 inches deep, 6 inches wide, and as long as required. Divide the 
trough into partitions by means of strips of tin, so that each partition is a foot long, 
thus avoiding the spilling of oil. Back of this place a strip of tin 16 inches wide and 
as long as the trough. The back must be firmly secured by braces running down to 
the front edge of the board. Under all this place 3 wooden runners 3 feet long and 
shod with iron for the trough to ride on. Fill the pan half full of water, and then 
add a small quantity of kerosene— sufficient to cover the water. A horse may be 
hitched to the machine by fastening a rope to the outside runners. * * * The 
lightness of the machine will allow of its being used on any crops. * * * 
A machine of this sort was patented by Mr. Lorenzo B. Canfield, of 
Syracuse, Nebr. (Patent No. 187,509, dated February 20, 1877). The 
following description and figures will serve to illustrate his pan more 
fully. PI. vn, Fig. 1, represents a perspective view; PI. vn, Fig. 2, a 
longitudinal sectional view on the line x x in the preceding. 
This pan was sold in the West at an exorbitant price, $4 being 
charged for royalty. Wherever we had an opportunity we advised 
farmers not to use it, but to construct others such as we have already 
described, and every bit as good, at far less expense. The principle 
can not be patented, for since 1875 similar coal-oil pans, virtual out- 
growths of the canvas frames originally employed for the same purpose, 
have been " known and used " in Colorado. This fact is sufficient in law 
to defeat any patent right based upon any application for a patent sub- 
sequent to such knowledge and use. 
The essential features in all the contrivances are, in fact (1) A plat- 
form that runs on the ground, on runners or wheels; (2) A canopy at 
right angles with it; (3) A reservoir at the junction to contain the 
liquid. 
Another pan, of which we give a sketch (PI. vn, Fig. 3), was made by 
Mr. James Adams, of Abilene, Kansas. It is 10 feet long, 2 feet wide ; 
back (a) 1 foot high ; front (b) about 2 inches high at the inner edge; 
ends (c) 2 feet high. The front is made of a board 6 inches wide, leaning- 
inward at an angle of about 45°. A cloth screen is placed on the back 
part, which prevents the reel from knocking the locusts back over the 
pan. 
The whole is made of pine, and it costs $8 or $10. The pan is painted 
within with asphaltnm paint, which renders it impervious to water or 
oil. The pan rests in front upon runners, to which ropes are attached 
for drawing, and on wheels behind which carry belts to turn the reel. 
The reel revolves just in front of the pan, causing the locusts to hop, 
and then knocking them into the pan. A brush of cloth is sometimes 
fastened to one arm of the reel to brush into the pan any locusts that 
may be on the front piece. Several of these pans were used about Abi- 
lene, and did good work. 
A contrivance shown in PI. vni, Fig. 3, was constructed by Presi- 
dent John A. Anderson for use on the Agricultural College farm at Man- 
hattan, Kansas. 
