10 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLES. 
The results of the experiments may be summarized as follows : 
Experiments with insecticides. 
Experi- 
ment 
No. 
Date. 
Insecticide used. 
Effect on larvse. 
Injury to 
foliage. 
Remarks. 
1 
2 
3 
1910 
Sept. 1 
Sept. 7 
...do 
Nov. 1 
Dec. 16 
Paris green, 4 pounds, and 
lime, 4 pounds, in 100 gal- 
lons of water. 
Paris green, 2 pounds, and 
whale-oil soap, 8 pounds, 
in 100 gallons of water. 
Arsenate of lead, lh ounces, 
and molasses, 1 quart, in 
1J gallons of water. 
Lime-sulphur solution, 1 
gallon, in 15 gallons of wa- 
ter. 
Lead chromate, 2 ounces, in 
8 gallons of water. 
Ineffective 
Absolutely ef- 
fective. * 
Slight. . . 
None 
...do.... 
The poor results were due to 
the poison being applied to 
the upper surface of beet 
leaves where the larvae 
failed to reach it. 
Spray applied properly to the 
under surface of beet leaves. 
Applied to the upper and 
lower surface of Amaran- 
thus leaves. There is no 
apparent reason for its fail- 
ure to kill the larvae. 
Applied to beet leaves. A 
4 
do 
Severe . . 
None 
5 
Possibly effec- 
tive. 
few larvae were killed by 
contact with the solution. 
Applied to beet leaves. The 
poison was very slow in its 
killing effect. 
It will be seen from the record of experiment No. 2 that this web- 
worm can be effectively controlled on beets with Paris green. When 
this poison is applied at the rate of 2 pounds in 100 gallons of water 
it will not burn beet foliage and in this formula it is better to omit 
lime and use whale-oil soap. The soap serves as an effective adhesive 
agent and when it is used the poison is very evenly distributed over 
the leaf surface. 
As " spinach " is used as food by human beings while the plants 
are still young and tender, it is obvious that it would be unsafe to 
spray this crop with an arsenical. Instead of an arsenical it is 
recommended that the following nicotine-soap combination be used 
on spinach: 
Nicotine sulphate^ 1 fluid ounce. 
Whale-oil soap 4 ounces. 
Water 4 gallons. 
This formula was successfully used by the author at Honolulu, 
against the common cabbage worm (Pontia rapce Linn.), the larva 
of the diamond-back moth (Plutella maculipennis Curtis), a looper 
(Autographa precationis Guen.) , and the beet army worm (Caradrina 
exigua Hbn.). It has also been used effectively against several 
species of aphides or plant-lice and thrips. Although this formula 
has not been actually tested on Hymenia larvse, there is no reason to 
believe that it would not prove entirely effective. 
For treating moderate- sized plats in gardens a portable com- 
pressed-air sprayer or a bucket pump will give good results. The 
spraj^er should be fitted with a short extension rod, an elbow, and 
a nozzle of the Vermorel type, which will deliver a fine, mist-like 
