24 PAPERS ON INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLES. 
far from being complete. The mere occurrence of this insect at Los 
Angeles, Cal., was observed as early as 1891 or 1892, but nothing 
further was heard of the insect in the Pacific States until 1907, when 
it was reported by Messrs. Ball and Titus, working on sugar beets 
in that same region. 
In 1908 the species came under the observation of the junior author 
on several occasions in Orange County, Cal. In October it was found 
attacking horse-radish and cabbage at Santa Ana in the customary 
manner, namely, feeding in the heart, webbing the leaves, and eating- 
out the tissues. At Garden Grove, Cal., it was attacking cabbage and 
mustard. 
During June, 1908, Mr. D. K. McMillan observed this species on 
radish, cabbage, and kale. at Brownsville, Tex., the plants being con- 
siderably damaged. The larvae in most cases had destroyed the 
" buds " or had bored down into the center of the plants. They 
seemed to attack only the midrib of kale and most cabbage plants, 
feeding in a groove on the upper surface, which they cover with a 
web, varying this by eating a small cavity extending along the in- 
terior from one-fourth of an inch to an inch in some cases. Larvae 
were observed on rape at Mission, Hidalgo County, and at Santa 
Maria, Cameron County, Tex. At Brownsville they were found in 
November on mustard cultivated for table use. At this time many 
were found with tachina eggs placed in the usual location near the 
head. Turnip tops were also affected, the work on turnip and mus- 
tard being similar to that observed on rape and radish. The larvae 
concealed themselves along the midrib, boring down into it as well 
as along the groove, with a covering of silk under which they are 
fairly well protected. 
From finding the insect in many localities, in several cases not in 
destructive numbers, Mr. McMillan expressed the opinion that the 
species in southern Texas is evidently largely controlled by parasites 
and other natural enemies, as most individuals observed, even in 
June, were parasitized. It is probable that the species is well dis- 
tributed throughout nearly the entire State of Texas^ and, although 
held in check during most seasons by natural enemies, there is always 
the likelihood that at any time it may crop out as a serious pest. 
October IT, Mr. Charles M. Jones, Stallo, Miss., reported injury to 
turnip and collard. The larvae were not so active when the weather 
was cool and appeared to work at all times of the day. An entire 
crop of collards was destroyed. 
In Mississippi, also, Mr. M. M. High found larvae September 9, 
1909, in large numbers on cabbage and turnip near Columbia, He 
described them as beginning work by first spinning a web in which 
to retreat. They then eat out the ends of young plants and check 
their growth, besides causing the death of some of them. They did 
much damage, cutting out the " buds " of young cabbage, in addi- 
