34 PAPERS ON INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLES. 
The seed beds were again visited October IT. The conditions had 
not materially changed, except that some larvae had reached maturity 
and left the plants. On November 2, 3,000 plants were taken from 
the three beds and transplanted to a field fully 2-J miles from the 
seed beds. The plants were carefully examined and only those free 
from larvae were transplanted. Unfortunately, small patches of old 
cabbage and Japanese turnips occurred but a short distance from the 
transplanted plants. The old cabbage was not badly infested, but 
the webworms were abundant in the turnips, and a portion, about 
one-fifth of an acre, of one patch was nearly destroyed. It will thus 
be seen that, although the young plants were free from larvae when 
transplanted, they were placed in a badly infested and dangerous 
neighborhood. When these plants were examined November 18 
nearly every one in the entire patch was found infested with from 
1 to 10 webworms. These were mostly small — very few more than a. 
week old — and many were not more than 4 days old. They had 
burrowed into or between the tender, curled leaves at the " bud " and 
were so well protected that they were apparently beyond the reach of 
a spray. Even at this early stage the plants showed plainly the 
results of infestation. It was obviously a hopeless case, and the 
man in charge, a Japanese, was advised to pull up the plants and 
burn them, but this he refused to do. At the next visit, December 8, 
little remained of these plants but stunted, worthless stumps. 
Larvae were still abundant in them, although many had reached ma- 
turity and burrowed into the soil. About 700 plants which had been 
set out shortly after the middle of November in an adjoining patch 
were also generally infested and were rapidly becoming worthless. 
In summing up these observations it will be seen that nearly 4,000 
transplanted plants were destroyed by webworms : while at the same 
time the plants in seed beds were so generally infested that it was 
almost impossible to procure stock for replanting. 
One of the most obvious factors making possible this loss was the 
almost utter indifference with which the necessity of clean culture 
was regarded. Old cabbage stumps and abandoned seed beds were 
not promptly destroyed, but were allowed to serve for months as 
breeding centers. An essential lesson that these growers have to 
learn is the absolute necessity of promptly destroying remnants of 
the crop by burning or some other equally effective method. 
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. 
Under normal conditions the eggs, when deposited on cabbage, are 
placed about the " bud " at the axils of the terminal leaves or on the 
leaves. From 1 to 12 eggs may be deposited on a single small plant. 
