THE PARSNIP LEAF-MINER. 11 
The anal extremity is illustrated at/, figure 1, and the anal spiracle 
at 7i. 
As long ago as 1873 Osten Sacken assigned this species to typical 
Acidia, but it has been generally known as Trypeta fratria. The 
following short technical description is quoted from Osten Sacken : a 
Clay-yellow, stature short and somewhat broad, with four bristles on the scu- 
tellum; wings with yellowish-brown rivulets, which enclose an oval, hyaline spot 
before the end of the discal cell; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein is not curved 
forwards. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
The localities recorded for Acidia fratria are comparatively few, 
considering the fact that the species is not really rare. Osten Sacken 
gave "Atlantic States.' 7 Thomson found it in California, and others 
have recorded its occurrence in Missouri, Washington, andNew Jersey. 
To this must be added the District of Columbia. The above evi- 
dently indicates a moderately wide distribution, especially if the 
species should prove to be the same as heraclei L., common to both 
continents. At least it extends across the continent from the Atlantic 
seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. 
BIOLOGIC NOTES. 
While new data have been obtained, the life history is still incom- 
plete. The fly has not been observed depositing its eggs, and the 
egg and method of oviposition therefore remain unknown. The fact 
that the mines always extend to the margin of the leaf affords an indi- 
cation that the eggs are deposited at least near the margin, and the 
fact that the larvae when full grown have usually worked down into 
the end of the leaf nearest the ieaf -stalk (see fig. 2, a) shows that the 
egg is probably deposited in most cases near the other end or apex of 
the leaf. 
The larvae under observation in 1903 began to attain maturity July 
19, the adults issuing in August. Material under observation in 1908 
transformed to pupae May 22 and the first adults issued June 6, the 
pupal period having been passed in fourteen days. 
VvTiile these insects usually form puparia in the old larval mines, in 
many cases also they desert the mines, especially small ones, and form 
separate puparia in the same or other leaves. Mines are more -often 
found with two or three larvae or puparia within than with a single 
inhabitant, and as many as eight have been counted on a single leaf. 
To the average person the mines made by this species would scarcely 
be recognized as such, as the leaves merely present the appearance of 
dying from natural causes, portions of them drying and withering. 
a Monograph of Diptera No. Am., Pt. Ill, p. 234. 
