LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF HOP FLEA-BEETLE. 
45 
single stub. Many stubs do not contain beetles, however, and the 
average is very much lower. A few beetles were found in the cracks 
of the pith of pigweed and in some hollow-stemmed plants, but the 
most frequented place of this sort is the hollow vine stub. Table IV 
illustrates the number and condition of the beetles in the stubs : 
Table IV. — Number and condition of hop flea-beetles taken from vine stubs. 
Date. 
Number 
of stubs. 
Number 
of beetles 
found. 
Average 
number 
of beetles 
per kiln. 
Average 
number of 
beetles 
per acre. 
Number 
of beetles 
dead. 
Number 
of beetles 
alive. 
Per cent 
dead. 
Per cent 
alive. 
1909. 
February 1 
Do . 
219 
89 
320 
340 
324 
330 
457 
J61 
241 
. 288 
231 
155 
354 
216 
334 
265 
93 
133 
813 
331 
327 
397 
323 
292 
10.01 
7.32 
8,908.90 
7, 517. 47 
118 
97 
37 
61 
292 
106 
137 
108 
114 
118 
216 
243 
56 
72 
521 
225 
188 
289 
209 
174 
35.32 
28.81 
39.78 
45.86 
35.88 
32.02 
42.20 
27.20 
35.29 
40.41 
64.68 
February 10 
February 20 
Do 
2.31 
.88 
1.23 
7.08 
8.20 
5.40 
5.48 
5.56 
7.42 
2, 057. 90 
783. 20 
1,094.70 
6, 301. 20 
7, 298. 00 
4, 806. 00 
4, 877. 20 
4, 948. 40 
6, 603. 80 
70.19 
63.22 
54.14 
64.12 
March 8 
67.89 
57.80 
March. 10 
72.80 
March 16 
64.71 
Do 
59. 59 
Beetles in string pegs. — The cedar pegs which are used in stringing 
the yards are usually left in the field when the yards are cleaned up 
in the fall. The soft string which often remains on the peg affords a 
splendid place for the beetles to spend the winter, and many were 
observed taking advantage of it. 
Beetles in grass and weeds. — In the grass and weeds of uncultivated 
yards and along the borders of other yards the beetles were found 
hibernating in considerable numbers. They were situated just under 
the surface of the soil, but above the crown of the roots. They prob- 
ably seek the grass and weeds as a temporary refuge when the cold 
weather first sets in, and as the winter advances they either crawl 
down into the soil or it is washed over them by the early rains. 
Beetles in the hare soil. — Many beetles were found around the poles 
and vines embedded in the bare soil. In one strip of soil 3 inches wide 
surrounding a trellis pole, 31 beetles were found; many were ob- 
served in the soil around the base of the vines and a few between the 
rows. They did not penetrate very far into the firm soil, the majority 
being found within the first half inch, but where the land was in the 
form of loose clods at the time that the beetles entered they crawled 
as far down as the openings went, and the rain, packing the soil over 
them, housed them 2 and even 3 inches below the surface. 
Method of findi?ig beetles in the soil. — Since the beetles are very 
small and dark in color they are very similar to the particles of soil in 
which they are embedded, and to find them by digging around the 
roots of the grass is almost impossible. An attempt was made to 
