13 
trees that were infested many of the scales were parasitized. In addi- 
tion to the parasites, numerous larvae and eggs of a lace-winged fly 
(Chrysopa) were observed, the larvae preying upon the scales and chiefly 
upon their eggs. They were covered so much with the cottony matter 
of Icerya as to resemble this insect very closely, and were difficult to 
pick out from the torn masses of egg-sacs. I also observed here a cole- 
opterous (Coccinellid) larva, seen before at Adelaide, feeding on the 
scales, and this proved to be that of the Vedalia. All the scales here, 
as well as all the predaceous larvae found feeding upon them, were col- 
lected and taken to Adelaide to be shipped to California, together with 
those found at the latter place. They were kept boxed in a cool cellar. 
The scales in Adelaide and suburbs were collected on October 24 and 
25 at a place in North Adelaide. Nearly every one of the Iceryas ex- 
posed to light and sun contained parasites, and many of these had 
already left, as numerous holes were visible. Of the scales found on a 
small and bushy mandarin tree, where they were excluded from the 
sun, only a few contained parasites, but the larvae of the Chrysopa were 
abundant. Most of the larger egg-sacs of Icerya were torn by them 
and the contents devoured. 
I observed also that many of the young scales, only sufficiently large 
to contain a single puparium of the fly, were infested, the expanded 
skin of Icerya forming a thin covering over the puparium of the Lesto- 
phonus. This was observed at all places where Icerya occurred. No 
doubt the eggs of the pest must be deposited while the scales are yet 
quite small, probably even before the first molt, and certainly later, 
as the scales will go on feeding and increasing in size until the larvae 
within them pupate. At this time large numbers of the scales were 
hatching and also of the flies. Only one living fly was observed on 
October 24 while collecting the scales, sitting between two large egg- 
masses and hardly visible to the eye. This and a second specimen 
taken under similar circumstances were the only ones I observed in nat- 
ure. I have never met with a single specimen depositing eggs or even 
sitting on an Icerya nor flying around. I finished collecting for my 
first shipment on the 25th and estimated that I had about 6,000 Icerya, 
which in return would produce at an average about four parasites (Les- 
tophonus) each. They were packed partly in wooden and partly in tin 
boxes. Small branches generally full of scales were cut so as to fit 
exactly lengthwise into the box. With these the boxes were filled and 
all loose scales placed in between, plenty of space remaining for any 
of the insects within to move about freely without danger of being 
crushed by loose sticks. Salicylic acid was used in small quantities in 
the tin boxes to prevent mold, yet these, as I have been informed by 
Mr. Coquillett, arrived in a more or less moldy condition, while those 
in wooden boxes always arrived safe. In addition, Dr. Schomburgh, 
director of the botanical gardens at Adelaide, kindly fitted up for me 
a Wardian case which was filled with living plants of orauges and Pit- 
