the trunks of the trees, and within these cocoons transform to chrysa- 
lids, remaining in this stage from ten to thirteen days, and emerging 
as moths in late July or August. 
The feeding of the caterpillars is done as a rule at night, except 
when they occur in very great numbers, and they arc known to destroy 
the foliage of nearly every native and introduced plant of economic 
importance. During the first few weeks they remain most of the time 
on the leaves feeding on the under surface, but as they grow larger 
they crawl down the branches and the trunk toward the ground in the 
early mornings, and there seek protection under loosened bark or in 
cracks in the trunk or quite at the ground under leaves and rubbish, 
ascending again at nightfall to resume work upon the foliage. Upon 
this habit depends one of the best remedies, 
that of trapping the insects under bands, but 
also upon this habit depends possibly the 
main means of distribution of the species. 
The activity of the caterpillar is responsible 
in large measure for its spread. 
The adult insect, or moth, although possess- 
ing what seems to be abundant wing surface 
in both sexes, Hies readily only as a male. The 
female possesses such a heavy body that her 
aerial locomotion is limited to a tew strug- 
gling flaps which result simply in lessening 
the force of her fall from a height. A female 
issuing from a cocoon high up on the trunk 
of a tree and falling from this cocoon, some- 
times before laying her eggs and sometimes 
afterwards, is seldom able by the use of her 
wings to reach the ground at a greater distance 
than a few yards from the base of the tree. 
Many natural enemies of the Gipsy Moth 
are known in Europe. The writer has listed 
28 species of hymenopterous parasites. Several dipterous species are 
also known to attack it, and many predatory insects as well as birds 
and other animals. Diseases of a bacterial or fungus nature fre- 
quently carry it off in large numbers, as is frequently the case with 
other caterpillars, both in Enrope and in America. 
APPEARANCE OF THE (ilPSV MOTH IN AMERICA. 
Fig. 3. — Full-jrrown caterpillar of 
Gipsy Moth— natoral Bise tt'n>m 
Life). 
Through the efforts of the persons having the Massachusetts work 
in charge, it lias been practically decided that this insect was first 
brought to the United States by Prof. L, Trouvelot. a naturalist and 
astronomer, in 1869. Professor Trouvelot was at that time connected 
with the astronomical observatory at Harvard University, and tor his 
pleasure and interest was engaged in the study of wild silkworms with 
