THE YELLOW FUNGUS. 27 
are usually more sunken than in A. jlavo-citrina, and that its spores 
are smaller. The original description follows: 
Aschersonia navocitrina P. Henn. Stromatibus carnosis, hypophyllis, sub- 
discoideo-pulvinatis vel heinisphaerico-depressis, citrinis, 2-2.5 mm. diameter, 
pruinosis, superne punctulato-pertusis, intus subaurantiis, subiculo membranaceo, 
flavo; pycnidiis immersis oblongis, paraphysibus filiformibus, flexuosis, hyalinis, 
140-180x1-1.5 micr., continuis; conidiis f usoideis, utrinque acutis, eontinuis, hyalinis, 
12-18x2 micr.; conidiophoris brevibus, hyalinis, fasciculatis. 
The manner of development of the yellow Aschersonia upon the 
larvae and pupae is so like that already described for the red Ascher- 
sonia that no further mention of it need be made here. 
The method of spore dissemination, so far as can be determined, 
is also similar to that of the red fungus. 
BIOLOGY. 
The yellow Aschersonia, except when artificially introduced, has 
never been found in groves infested only by the citrus white fly and so 
far as observed thrives only on the cloudy-winged white fly. Dr. 
Berger 1 reports having caused the infection of a few larvae of citri, 
but states that this fungus did not increase in his experiments. The 
same experience has been had by the authors at Bradentown, Fla. 
It has been noted by the senior author attacking a scale insect on the 
leaf of sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) at Winter Park, Fla. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
Up to July, 1909, this fungus has been found growing naturally at 
Altamonte Springs, Maitland, Mims, Oneco, Orlando, Oviedo, Wild- 
wood, and Winter Park, Fla., and has been introduced into Bucking- 
ham, Gainesville, Lakeland, Lake City, Largo, Lemon City, Manatee, 
Miami, New Smyrna, Sutherland, St. Petersburg, and in the vicinity 
of Turkey Lake in the western portion of Orange County, Fla. Its 
occurrence in Brazil has already been noted. 
HYPERPARASITIC FUNGI. 
The yellow Aschersonia is subject to widespread parasitism by a 
greenish-brown hyperparasitic fungus identified in March, 1907, by 
Mrs. Patterson as Cladosporium sp. The attack of the latter upon 
the yellow Aschersonia was first noticed by the senior author in the 
summer of 1906. During the winter of 1906-7 it was estimated to have 
overrun 95 per cent of the yellow pustules in certain groves at Winter 
Park and Orlando, and has since been noted wherever the yellow 
Aschersonia occurs. The destruction of more than 90 per cent of 
the supply of yellow Aschersonia spores during the fall and winter 
must necessarily have a retarding influence on the spread of the 
fungus at the beginning of the next season for its normal spread. 
Frequent observations and experiments at both Winter Park and 
i Bui. 97, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 53. 
