SNAILS THAT FEED ON SOOTY MOLD. 9 
Mr. Woglum has found two coccinellids in India at Saharampur 
which attack the citrus white fly, 1 which have been determined as 
Verania cardoni Weise and Cryptognatha flavescens Motsch. In Florida 
three ladybirds, Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls., Cycloneda sanguined L., 
and a very small black species, Scymnus pundatus Melsh., have been 
observed to destroy white-fly eggs and larvae, but have never been found 
to be effective in controlling the white fly to a noticeable degree. 
The same may be said of a capsid bug, which attacks adult white 
flies, and two or three species of lacewing flies or chrysopids. These 
latter might become of considerable importance were they not so 
subject to attack by several hymenopterous parasites which destroy 
the greater part of them in the pupal stage, and in addition a species 
which destro} r s their eggs. Several species of spiders are predaceous 
upon adult white flies; several species of ants destroy the larvse, pupse, 
and adults, and a species of thrips destroys the larvae and pupae. 
Tins last-mentioned insect, described by Dr. H. J. Franklin 2 as 
Aleurodoihrips fasciapennis, has, according to the observations of 
the authors, 3 proved more effective than any other of the native insect 
enemies of the citrus white fly. 
The combined attacks of all of these natural enemies, however, have 
thus far proved of no noticeable benefit in reducing the white flies, 
with the exception of a few rare instances where the thrips referred 
to appeared to accomplish some good in supplementing other factors 
of natural control. 
The testing of all procurable species of ladybirds as possible white- 
fly enemies would seem to offer the most hopeful field for future work 
with predatory enemies aside from the work of foreign exploration 
recently undertaken. There are comparatively few species of this 
beneficial group whose tastes are so well known that it would be 
safe to predict that they would not attack either the citrus white fly 
or the cloudy- winged white fly in the egg, the larval, or the pupal 
stage. 
SNAILS THAT FEED ON SOOTY MOLD. 
It was observed in 1903, by Mr. F. D. Waite, of Palmetto, Fla., 
that a snail 4 was of considerable value in one grove in removing 
the sooty mold (Meliola sp.) from citrus leaves and fruit. Since then 
it has been found in many hammock groves in the State of Florida, 
more especially in Manatee and Lee counties. Without artificial 
protection in the attempt to encourage their multiplication these 
snails rarely reduce the sooty mold appreciably on more than a few 
trees at a time. When abundant, however, well-blackened trees may 
i Journ. Econ. Ent., vol.4, no. 1, p. 131, February, 1911. 
2 Ent. News, vol. 20, pp. 228-231, 1909; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 727, 1908. 
s Ent. News, vol. 23, pp. 73-74, 1912. 
* Determined for Dr. E. H. Sellards by Dr. W. H. Dall as Bulimulus dormant. 
