REMEDIES. 43 
materials. While probably loss useful in this country where the straw- 
is of less value and is not cut so close to the ground, the fact that we 
have here a possible source of danger is sufficient reason to take the 
small trouble necessary to guard against it. 
THE PLOWING UNDER OF STUBBLE. 
Xext to burning, and available when burning is impracticable, the 
plowing under of stubble is perhaps most important. To be most effect- 
ive the stubble should be turned to the depth of several inches and the 
field rolled, so as to compact the earth and prevent the issuing of the 
flies which may develop from the puparia in the ground. The time of 
plowing depends upon the condition of the season, and here the con- 
ditions which suggest plowing in ordinary farm practice are those 
which best apply to the destruction of the insect. If the season be dry. 
the necessity for plowing does not exist, as the great majority of the 
insects will remain in the dormant condition, and those which hatch 
will fail to find food plants upon which to deposit eggs upon which the 
larvae can feed. With the occurrence of rains, which put the ground 
in suitable condition for plowing, there is probability of an early 
emergence of flies, and further, of the springiug up of volunteer wheat 
to furnish their progeny with necessary food. 
In this connection it may be mentioned that where the crop is so 
seriously infested that it is not considered worth harvesting, it may pay 
to plow it under as early as possible, roll thoroughly, and plant to corn 
or other late crops. This method was adopted with excellent results 
by some farmers in the spring- wheat region of northern Iowa. 
DESTRUCTION or VOLUNTEER WHEAT. 
It is evident that if all the food supply for insects during late sum- 
mer and early autumn is destroyed, the flies emerging during this period 
will be unable to deposit eggs or their larva 1 to develop. The volun- 
teer wheat around stacks or through the fields, if present in any quan- 
tity, should be plowed under so that this source of food supply ma\ be 
cut off. 
PLANTING OK DECOTJ STRIPS. 
Many authors recommend the planting of narrow strips of wheat in 
the field as decoys, but the plan has apparently been little used by 
farmers. This is perhaps because it entails extra labor and expense 
and presents only possible advantages. Professor Webster considers 
that while it is hardly possible to entrap the major part of the fall 
brood of larva 1 , it is certainly possible to entice to these plats the strag- 
glers and interlopers, which have been known to be capable of consid- 
erable injury. While the pest can not be exterminated in this way, its 
power to commit serious injury may be considerably weakened. Vol 
linteer wheat would apparently serve the same purpose if appearing 
