8 LOSS THROUGH INSECTS THAT CARRY DISEASE. 
MOSQUITOES. 
Entirely aside from the loss occasioned by mosquitoes as carriers 
of specific diseases, their abundance brings about a great monetary 
loss in other way-. 
Possibly the greatest of these losses is in the reduced value of real 
estate in mosquito-infested regions, since these insects ivn.hu- abso- 
lutely uninhabitable large area- of land available for suburban home-. 
for summer resorts, for manufacturing purposes, and for agricultural 
pursuits. The money loss becomes most apparent in the vicinity of 
large centers of population. The mosquito-breeding areas in the 
vicinity of New York City, for example, have prevented the growth 
of paying industries of various kind- and have hindered the proper 
development of large regions to an amount which it i- difficult to 
estimate in dollar- and cent- and which is almo>t inconceivable. The 
same may he said for other large cities near the seacoast. and even 
of those inland in low-lying regions. The development of the whole 
State of Xew Jersey has been held hack by the mosquito plague. 
Agricultural regions have suffered from this cause. In portion- of 
the Northwestern States it has been necessary to cover the work horses 
in the field with sheets during the day. In the Gulf region of Texas 
at times the market value of live stock is greatly reduced by the 
abundance of these insects. In portions of southern Xew Jersey there 
are lands eminently adapted to the dairying industry, and the markets 
of Xew York. Philadelphia, and the large Xew Jersey cities are at 
hand. In these localities herds of cattle have been repeatedly estab- 
lished, but the attack- by swarms of mosquitoes have reduced the yield 
of milk to such an extent as to make the animals unprofitable, and 
dairying has been abandoned for less remunerative occupations. The 
condition of the thoroughbred race horse- at the great racing center, 
Sheepshead Bay. Long Island, was so impaired by the attack- of 
mosquitoes as to induce those interested to spend many thousands of 
dollars a few year- ago in an effort to abate the pest. 
All over the United States, for these insects, and for the house fly 
as well, it has become necessary at great expense to screen habitations. 
The cost of screening alone must surely exceed ten million- of dol- 
lars per annum. 
MALARIA. 
The west coast of Africa, portions of India, and many other tropi- 
cal regions have always, at least down to the present period, been 
practically uninhabitable by civilized man. owing to the presence 
of pernicious malaria. The industrial and agricultural development 
of Italy ha- been hindered to an incalculable degree by the prevalence 
ol malaria in the southern half of the Italian peninsula, as well as in 
