18 EEPOET OF SEAECH FOE ENEMIES OF CITEUS WHITE FLY. 
examination of material in Calcutta corroborated Prof. Quaintance's 
determination that the citrus white fly occurs in India. Moreover, 
infested orange leaves from a place in the northwest called Kulu were 
also found in the museum, and this gave the writer a definite locality 
for the white fly in India. Kulu is such a difficult place to reach that 
it was decided to visit first other more available localities in the 
northern part of the Empire. 
During his stay in Calcutta the writer interviewed all available 
authorities who had acquaintance with agricultural conditions in 
different parts of that country, but little definite information rela- 
tive to the distribution of citrus fruit trees was secured. It must be 
considered that agriculture hi India is for the most part in a very 
primitive condition. Commercial orange growing, as we know it in 
America, does not exist, but the production of fruit is confined 
almost exclusively to individual or small patches of trees in yards 
and native gardens, both on the plains and in the hills or lower 
elevations of the mountains. (See PL IV.) In the latter places they 
are sometimes grown among the trees of the forest. However, occa- 
sionally one sees larger plantings which in extreme instances might 
reach 5 or even 10 acres in size. 
The Botanical Gardens. 
The greatest aid to the writer in his searches for citrus fruit trees 
were the Government botanical gardens which are situated in differ- 
ent parts of the Empire. (See PI. V.) The more important of 
these gardens have European directors — men usually familiar with 
agricultural conditions in their respective provinces. Then, too, 
most of these gardens contain a large variety of fruit trees. The 
largest and oldest one is situated near Calcutta. From interviews 
with the authorities at this garden the writer learned that the oldest 
garden in Upper India was situated at Saharanpur and also that 
citrus trees are grown to some extent in this locality. 
For this reason, as well as because this would be the most feasible 
place in which to secure information relative to the distribution of 
citrus trees in northern India, the writer proceeded to Saharanpur in 
the latter part of October, 1910. This was a most fortunate move, 
for in Mr. A. C. Hartless, the superintendent of the Saharanpur Bo- 
tanical Garden, was found a most capable botanist, whose familiarity 
with the conditions in India and wide acquaintance with botanists 
and horticulturists, acquired during 25 years of continuous service in 
different parts, opened to the writer a source of information pertain- 
ing to this problem the equal of which was available in no other one 
place. 
A large number of citrus trees of many varieties are grown hi this 
garden. Orange, lime, and grapefruit are also scattered throughout 
the immediately surrounding region. 
