50 EEPOET OF SEAECH FOR ENEMIES OF CITRUS WHITE FLY. 
The following specific treatment will be largely confined to pests 
observed during the writer's travels abroad, which are of economic 
importance in the United States. 
Spain, Italy, and Sicily. 
OhrysompJialus dictiospermi is the most destructive pest of citrus 
trees in these three countries. According to Prof. Silvestri, the emi- 
nent Italian entomologist, this species was first noticed in Italy and 
Sicily in 1909. Fortunately the infestations of this insect are of a 
localized nature in these countries. In Spain it is widely distributed 
and undoubtedly was present here many years before its appearance 
in Italy. The species is attacked by numerous natural enemies, both 
parasites and predators, in all three European countries. 
Parlatoria zizyphus, the pest which ranks in point of injuriousness 
next to CJi. dictiospermi in these three Mediterranean countries, does 
not occur in citrus groves in the United States. It can thus be seen 
that the citrus groves of this country are free of the two pests most 
injurious to the same plants hi southern Europe. Chrysomphalus 
dictiospermi has been reported in greenhouses from most parts of the 
United States, but no record of the definite establishment of Parla- 
toria zizyplius is at present known. 
Lepidosaplies beckii, Saissetia olese, and Pseudococcus citri, namely, 
the purple and black scales of California and the citrus mealy bug, 
which are very serious pests in our own country, produce very little 
serious injury in the Mediterranean region. It should be of the 
greatest interest to the citrus fruit growers of California, who spend 
so many hundreds of thousands of dollars annually in combating these 
pests, to know that in the chief citrus-fruit producing countries of 
southern Europe these same pests, though present, are for the most 
part under natural control so that artificial effort is seldom necessary 
for their subjugation. To quote from a communication respecting 
this subject received from Prof. Silvestri: 
The other species of citrus pests (which include the purple and black scales and the 
mealy bug) produce here and there some injury, but not continually nor so great that 
the cultivator has any interest in attempting to control them with insecticides. Only 
occasionally does an outbreak occur of such serious nature as to require artificial means 
of control. 
Lepidosaplies beckii, the purple scale, was observed in Spain but 
only in such slight infestations, so far as the writer's observations 
extended, that it may be said to be under commercial control. Mr. 
L. Salas, the agricultural engineer of the Province of Malaga, in- 
formed the writer that the purple scale was once very severe in parts 
of that Province, but for some unknown reason had suddenly disap- 
peared in recent years. A similar report was heard from another 
authority in that Province. In Italy and Sicily the purple scale is 
