20 BULLETIN NO. 
a d early summer, Lecanium hesperidum did much damage, but after 
the rainy season I rarely found it. Parlatoria pergandii was quite un- 
known to me, and I find very few persons who do know it, although 
their trees may be badly infested by it. I rarely find it on small twigs 
or on leaves, but large limbs and the trunks of trees are often encrusted 
by it. 
Ceroplastes floridensis has done no damage here, although abundant 
on the gallberry bushes close by orange trees. 
For exact experiments it was soon found that the best means in use 
for the application of solutions were very imperfect and wasteful. 
Where only a portion of a tree is infested, it is unnecessary to apply 
a strong solution to any but that part. A brush dipped in the solution 
was the only thorough way of doing this without great waste. 
The force-pump or aquajet sent had one of the finest spray-nozzles 
found on any pump, but it is too wasteful for this purpose ; it quickly 
overloads the leaves with solution ; under this weight they bend 
down and thus prevent the spray from reaching many leaves and twigs 
behind them. The spray produced is not fine enough. 
The eddy nozzles sent make a spray of the desired lightness, but do 
not throw it to a sufficient distance. They were rendered available by 
the following methods : 
System 1. — An eddy nozzle was attached to a long piece of small 
rubber tubing, and both to the end of a rod of sufficient length to hold 
the nozzle at any required height or position. Connecting the tube with 
the pump, the desired spray was entirely at my disposal. 
To test its capacity and fitness for actual use, several hundred trees 
were sprayed, and various changes made to suit different circumstances. 
The best and most economical result was obtained by dividing the 
labor. 
System 2. — One person takes charge of the pump and solution, an- 
other takes the rod and directs the spray. This allows the person with 
the rod to walk around the tree, and give his entire attention to the 
proper application of the spray. ' 
For a small number of small trees a simple means was devised.. 
System 3. — To a common rubber bulb syringe a long conducting tube 
is attached, and to this a cyclone-nozzle with a very fine aperture ; then 
the nozzle to a short rod. To use this arrangement a small tin pail 
holding two or three quarts is used. The feeding tube or tail of the 
syringe is put into the pail and the tube tied to the bail of the pail, so 
that the end will be at the bottom. 
The pail half filled with solution is carried on the right arm, the bulb 
is grasped and worked by the right hand, and the left hand carries the 
rod and directs the spray. 
Experience with system 2 showed the necessity of some improvement. 
The size of the bucket is limited by the step of the aquajet. A large 
vessel tried proved awkward to handle. At a distance from water, 
