74 
INSECTS AFFECTING STORED PEODUCTS. 
A beetle was seen in the clutches of a reduviid bug (Zelus renardii 
Kolen.), which had its beak thrust through the ventral part of the 
beetle's abdomen. 
The probabilities are also that the insect is devoured in the field, 
at least in its native habitat, by birds of different species. 
EXPERIMENTS WITH REMEDIES. 
By William B. Parker, Agent. 
EXPOSURE TO HEAT OF SUN AS A REMEDY. 
Experiment No. 1. — At Sacramento, Cal., August 21, 1911, 50 "Windsor beans infested 
by larvae, pupae, and adults of Laria rufimana were placed in a black rubber tray and 
set on a white canvas spread on the roof of the State Insectary. In this situation it 
was exposed to the sun and protected from the wind. The beans were placed in the 
sun at 10 a. m., and exposed to the following temperatures until 5 p. m.: 10 a. m., 
104° F.; 11.30 a.m., 112° F.; 1 p. m., 116° F.; 2 p. m.,118°F. At 5 p. m. the temper- 
ature was below 100° F. 
September 13, as none of the insects in these beans had emerged, the beans were 
opened and the number of living and dead noted. There were no living insects in the 
beans, but the following is a tabulation of the numbers of larvae, pupa?, and adults 
which were found. A check of 20 beans was kept. 
Table II. — Heat of sun as a remedy against the broad-bean weevil. 
Number 
dead. 
Check experiment. 
Dead. 
Living. 
Larvae 
20 
25 
42 
3 
2 
1 

Pupae 
1 
Adults 
27 
Total 
87 
100 
6 
17+ 
28 
Per cent 
82+ 
HOT-WATER TREATMENT. 
Experiment No. 2. — At Berkeley, Cal., 133 broad beans infested by Laria rufimana 
were placed in water that had just ceased boiling and were left 5 minutes. When 
removed they were placed in a pan with moist cotton for a germination test. Of this 
lot, 116 beans sprouted, or 87.2 per cent. The 26 insects found in the beans were dead. 
Experiment No. 3. — Beans to the number of 116 were similarly treated, but were left 
in the water until cool. Four quarts were used. Eighty-three, or 71.5 per cent, of 
the beans sprouted. All of the beetles were dead. 
Experiment No. 4- — Infested beans were placed in hot water that had just ceased 
boiling and were removed after 1 minute. Fifty-two beetles were removed from the 
beans and all were dead. No germination test was made. 
During the preliminary experiments just recorded it was observed that the adults in 
Windsor beans were killed if the beans were dipped in water that had just ceased boil- 
ing, while the germinating power of the beans was not injured. As soon as enough 
infested material was obtained for a moderately large-scale experiment, the following 
tests were made : 
a These beans were not tested for germination percentage. 
