80 INSECTS AFFECTIXG STORED PRODUCTS. 
Dry heat. — In the series of experiments made by Mr. Parker in 
California, the exposure to the heat of the sun as a remedy is signifi- 
cant, but it is not certain what effect this would have if applied on a 
large scale. A series of experiments along this line should be made, 
and should also be carried on with other species of weevils in beans, 
peas, and cowpeas. This remedy has several times been suggested 
and probably some persons have already made tests of it, but we have 
no definite records to that effect. One of the best wavs would be to 
place the infested seed on metal, such as roofing tin, especially if the 
temperature is particularly high, i. e., above 100° F. 
Impossibility of prevention. — As in the case of other bean and pea 
weevils, there is no known method of preventing the ravages of the 
insect in the field, except the timely application of remedies before 
the seed is planted. It is not impossible that a certain degree of 
immunity from injury might be obtained by either very early or very 
late planting. This remains to be learned. In the case of choice 
plants grown for experimental purposes protection could be secured 
by the use of cloth screens as has been advised for such insects as the 
strawberry weevil and the root maggots. 
Importation of parasites. — The insect might be held partly in check 
at least by the introduction of one or more of three hymenopterous 
parasites which have been previously mentioned. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
The broad-bean weevil has a considerable bibliography under the 
two names of Bruchus rufimanus and B. granarius auct. The follow- 
ing hst of references is not intended to be complete, since many notes 
and articles which have been consulted are technical, short, contain 
no original matter, or are not of value in a consideration of the pres- 
ent topic. Twice as many references are available as will be quoted 
in the following hst: 
1. Bohemax, C. H. — Schoenlierr's Genera et Species Curculioniduni, a-oI. 1, p. 5S, 
1S33. 
Original description as Bruchus rufimanus il Habitat in Tauria ,Dalmatia , JZgyptia et in Gallia 
meridionali." 
2. Curtis, Johx. — Farni Insects, London, pp. 361-367, fig. 53, 5-10, 1860. 
Description, habits, injuries, and references; description of hymenopterous parasites Sigalphus 
pallipes Xees., S. thoracicus, n. sp., and Chremylus rubiginosus Xees. Mention as B. granarius. 
3. Riley, C. V — Amer. Ent., vol. 2, pp. 126-127, %. 85, 1S70. 
Editorial note on supposed introduction of "Bruchus rufimanus,'' with quotations and illus- 
trations from Curtis. 
4. Rathvox, S. S— Amer. Ent., vol. 2, p. 119, 1870. 
A three-page article on Bruchus obtectus mentioned as obsoletus Say , in which Stephens's brief 
description of rufimanus is quoted. Brief editorial notes. 
5. Glover, T.— Rept. Comm. Agr., p. 71, 1870 (1871). 
Note on supposed introduction from Switzerland into New York. 
