THE LIFE CYCLE. 29 
135 undeveloped eggs, a total of 415. The third, which was taken in 
copula at the time, laid by actual count ;>.">7 eggs, and 7 fully de- 
veloped eggs were added by dissection, in all 364. 
Eggs that were laid during the night of July 13 were found to 
have hatched on the morning of July 17, giving a period for the 
egg state of not more than 3J days. The temperature of the room in 
which this experiment was conducted at this time ranged from 83° 
to 88° F., during the last night running down to 73° F. 
THE TRANSFORMATION TO PUPA. 
The larva or caterpiller, when it has attained maturity, has the 
same habits as those of E. kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella-, of 
crawling about for a long time in search of a place for transformation 
to pupa. If anything it spins more web than even Plodia at this time. 
Several full-grown caterpillers were isolated for observation of the 
period of pupation with the unlooked-for result that several indi- 
viduals transformed to pupa during the daytime. One of these 
transformed at 1 p. m. and another at 4 p. m., July 13, a third at 8 
a. m. the following day, and a fourth at 2 p m. 
1. Pupated July 13, 4 p. in. ; adult found July 22, 3 p. ro. ; 9 days. 
2. Pupa found July 14, 8 a. m. ; adult found July 22, 3 p.m.; 8+ days. 
3. Pupated July 14, 8 a. in. ; adult found July 22, 3 p. m.; 8+ days. 
4. Pupated July 14, after 5 p. m. ; adult found July 23, 9 a. ni. ; 8| days. 
5. Pupated July 15, about 5 a. m. ; adult found July 24. 8.30 a. m. : 9 days. 
The average temperature was about 83° F. 
Other individuals that were under observation transformed as 
follows : 
No. 6, in 16 days in early May ; No. 7, in 24 days in October, cool weather ; 
No. 8, in November, warmer weather, 19 days. 
We thus have a pupal period of from about 8 days to :24 days. 
July 14, at 8 a. m., a pupa was noticed in the act of shedding its 
larval skin. By a few peculiar movements the skin was worked 
farther and farther down until the abdomen was entirely exposed. 
The entire operation under favorable conditions would not consume 
more than about 3 or 4 minutes, judging from the rapidity with 
which the abdominal segments were freed. 
THE LIFE CYCLE. 
A number of moths was confined with flaxseed meal April 14 and 
the first adult was found to have emerged June 1, or in 48 days from 
the presumptive time of the deposition of the tirst eggs. A week 
elapsed before the appearance of another moth, when S issued. 
Moths were reared from corn meal a- follows: Parents confined in 
a jar June 23; Larvse began leaving the meal July 20; new brood 
began to issue July 29, or in 36 days from the time the eggs were sup- 
