POLES AND UPRIGHTS. 2] 
outfit of as many as twenty-five or thirty tents, extra pole-- should 
always be on hand as a provision againsl breakage. A one-half inch 
rope of either nianila or cotton, about one and one-half times the length 
of the poles, Is attached about 3 or 4 inches from the top of each one thai 
is in use. The tops of the poles are constructed in various styles for 
catching the rings on the tents. The end of the pole may be cul to 
allow the ring to slip over the end for a short distance, for instance 
1 \ or 2 inches, and to hold the rope in position. Two hardwood pegs 
driven through auger holes about 1' inches apart at right angles to 
one another will serve this purpose. The most convenient form for 
genera] use is the simple rounded top over which the cloth of the tent 
i^ doubled and held in place by a hall' hitch of the rope (PI. II, figs. 
1. 2). The lower end of the pole should he pointed to prevent it- 
slipping on the ground when the tent is being lifted. 
For use with sheet tents which are too large lor convenient handling 
with the poles described, a pair of uprights or derricks is needed. 
These are somewhat heavier poles, with braced crosspieces at the bot- 
tom to prevent them from falling sidewise when in an upright posit ion, 
and each is provided with a pulley at the top (see PI. TV, fig. 2). 
When not attached to the ring in the tent the swinging block is 
hooked to a ring bolt or stout staple located on the upright near the 
tops of the braces. The poles are 25 feet or more in length, from 3 to 4 
inches in diameter at t he base and tapering to from 2 to 3 inches in diam- 
eter at the top. They may be made of straight-grained knotless pine or 
seasoned cypress. Wherever the latter can be obtained it is preferable 
to pine on account of its 'lightness. As shown in Plate IV, figure 3, 
crosspieces about 1 by 3 inches in section are spiked or bolted to each 
side across the bottom, and brace pieces about 2 by 4 in section extend- 
ing from between the ends of the brace pieces to the main pole are 
bolted in position. The crosspieces should be 6 feet in length for 
derricks 25 or 26 feet high and increasing to about 7V or S feet in 
length for 32 or 33 foot derricks. In the writer's experience derricks 
are sufficiently long that arc within 2 to 3 feet of the extreme height 
of the tree- to be covered, as a consequence of the elasticity of the 
citrus branches and the fact that within this distance of the extreme 
top the branches are almost invariably slender. A guy rope one-half 
or five-eighths inch in diameter and about one and one-half times the 
length of the upright is attached to the top of each, just above the 
pulley block. It is convenient to have these ropes easily removable 
SO that they can be used in tying the tents into compact bales when 
rolled up for transportation or storage. The lifting tackle consists of 
a rope of the same size as the guy rope and a little less than three 
times as long as the upright. One end of this is at t ached to the fixed 
pulley block at the top of 1 he upright, passes through the movable 
block, then through t he upper fixed block, and t he free end i- usually 
t led t » » one of t he brace piece-. 
