APPLICATION OF INFORMATION. 39 
In t lio above experiments (Table VIII) the eggs and swd ticks; 
except those marked (°), were kepi in cylindrical tubes of J-inch 
diameter inserted for about l J inches into sand or soil in receptacles 
on or below the surface. These were kept in a cage on the west side 
of tin* laboratory so that they were protected from the sun until 11 
a.m. As soon as the eggs commenced to hatch, there was placed in 
the tube a stopper of absorbent cotton which remained unremoved 
until the death of the ticks. In cases marked (") the conditions were 
the same, except that the tubes were exposed to the sun at all times. 
The conditions furnished included a humid atmosphere and a min- 
imum temperature as compared with the normal. The enforced 
bunching and protection from wind and rain furnished additional 
favorable conditions. It would seem that the periods are maxima 
and hardly to be met with in the work of extermination. One unfa- 
vorable factor met with, which could not be prevented, was the 
growth of algae on the inside of some of the tubes. This accounts for 
some of the variation in the Longevity. 
In addition to the main practical data given the following are of 
importance: 
All experiments and observations show the close host restriction 
of the cattle tick. Though the occurrence of the cattle tick on deer, 
horses, mules, asses, and some other animals is comparatively rare, 
it must be taken into consideration in the practical work of tick eradi- 
cation. 
Eggs are but little affected by water. When submerged, they 
hatch in about the normal time. Seed ticks are also resistant to water. 
In one case seed ticks survived submergence of 157 days. Adults 
are less resistant, but in the summer they frequently survived sub- 
mergence of 48 hours. Later in the season the resistance seemed to 
be greater, some females surviving after more than 90 hours. It is 
evident that water courses must play a very important part in tick 
disseminat ion. 
The adult cattle tick has only the most limited means of locomotion. 
After it drops from the host it crawls but a few feet at the most. 
On the ground in our experiments the greatest distance traversed 
was only 2 1 inches. 
On the whole, no very important enemies of ticks have been found. 
Dome-tic fowls frequently devour considerable numbers of them, and 
some wild birds also render valuable assistance in picking them off 
animals or from I he ground, 
